Forensic Science In Twenty First Century Criminal Justice Criminology Essay

rhetorical accomplishment In Twenty First Century Criminal sound expert Criminology Essay rhetorical wisdom (often is written as rhetoricals) is a come in of different cognitions that answer questions of legitimate system. This may be germane(predicate) to a abhorrence or a civil action. It is also relevant to a legal system, much generally forensic perception covers the accepted scientific methodology and norms with the help of which the particulars regarding some tied(p)ts, or artifacts, or some separate(a) material item that butt be the case. In that regard the invention is related to the idea of authentication, where by an interest outside of a legal form exists in find whether an object is what it wishes to be, or is alleged as being.Nowadays it is certainly easier to solve reprehensible offence problems than it was 70 years ago, beca manipulation of the draw near that was made in science, and especially in forensic science. modernistic execration puz zle out techniques that appe bed were hitd in order to help rightfulness experts to solve cases that argon baffling the first beat. If we took a depend at the role that forensic science plays in the sphere of justice turn law, we would understand how crucial it is in solving crime problems beca manipulationIt satisfyingly helps to identify the gist of the crime we faeces divide crime into two slips crimes that argon accidents and another type is that are made by design. Analyzing the establish with the help of a forensic microscope we see experts in enforcement area to understand if the crime fecal matter be qualified as a murder, suicide or some other form of accidental death. If it is qualified as a murder, experts tell if the crime was accidental or not. forensic science is used to detect drug offenses, automobile accidents and burglaries and arsonsforensic science helps to remove someones prejudices to the crime It makes officers to explore save the evidence and not look at their feelings or instincts. That is wherefore it helps to become the right way to solve a crime (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2004, p. 32).We also should mention that the most principal(prenominal) is that, it helps solve the crime itself Examine much(prenominal) facts as the time of death or any other physical basis, forensics can tell for sure if a man is guilty in the crime or innocent as he claims.Forensic science extends into a solidifying of sub-sciences which uses natural science techniques to get relevant sinful and legal evidence (Richbourg, J., 2004, p.17).Forensic science specialties of the 21st century intromit Forensic Accounting This science allows receiving, examining and taking into account obtained data. Digital Forensics (also called as Computing Forensics) includes scientific methods and techniques used for search, reco rattling of information on digital media (pictures, e-mail). Forensic Document Examination This science allows studying, r ecovering and grounds the documents, do an analysis of handwriting and drawings, charts and graphics. Many studies involve a comparison of the ascertained document, or components of it, to a set of known standards. Forensic Economics The purchasing, researching and understanding of evidence that are from economic field, business. Forensic Engineering This science includes reconstruction, researching and score of buildings. (Escholz S., 2002, p. 319). Forensic Linguistics The searching and explanation of language. Forensic Origin and generate The researching, explanation and realization of a fire for the express purpose of determining the cause of ignition and origin of the fire. Forensic Anthropology is the kind of physical anthropology, relevant to a legal situation, examines bones. Forensic Photography reconstructing, and preceding a photographic explanation of a crime scene. Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry It includes researching, evaluation and understanding of me ntal illnesses and mans behavior for. Criminalistics is the supplement of combination of clues (i.e. fingerprints imprint footgear impressions and tire tracks), ballistics, trace evidence, controlled material. Criminalistics includes clues collected from different kinds of sciences to find the answers of questions relating to the researching and comparison of criminal probes. This evidence is usually processed in a crime lab. Forensic Biology includes riddleing DNA and serological tests of physiological that helps in identification and individualization. Forensic Entomology helps in determination of time and location of death, by studding how insects influence the military man remains, also can tell if the body was travel after death or not. Forensic Geology is a kind of science that works with minerals, soils and petroleum (Escholz et al., 2002, p. 321 Surette, 1998.p. 194). Forensic Meteorology is an analysis of prior know situation, specific to the site being observed. Foren sic Odontology is the science nigh teeth- specifically, the uniqueness of dentition. Forensic Pathology combines the spheres of medicine and pathology, determines the cause of injury or death. Forensic Toxicology is science that helps to give the evaluation and the elucidation of the effects of chemicals, poisons, and drugs on the human body. Forensic archaeology is the example of a mixture of forensics and archaeological techniques. Forensic psychology discovers the humans mind, with scientific methods. It often deals with the circumstances behind a criminals behavior. Forensic video analysis is the scientific research, comparison, and analyzing of video in legal matters (Cather, K.H., 2004, pp.9-10). Forensic engineering is the studding and analyzing of different objects in order to answer questions as to their failure or reason of damage. Forensic limnology is the analyzing of clues gathered from crime scenes in or around fresh water sources. Revision of biological organisms, c uriously diatoms, can be used in connecting suspects with victims. Forensic science is very important for policing, criminal investigations and court processes because it helps with Crime-Solving Contributions. Forensic science helps in to solving crimes through investigative activities such as studding the reason of death, finding lose persons and identifying suspects. Determining Cause of Death. Experts-pathologists define the reason of someones death by reservation autopsies. Making such procedures, they can tell the reason of death and the time of it. Identifying Suspects. Forensic experts can understand suspects by examine clues got from the scene of a crime ( hairs, blood, fibers and fingerprints). Finding Missing Persons. Scientists can help to find masses disappeared a long time using the process of image modification. utilize this method, a photograph can show how someone may look after some years without being seen (Cather, K.H., 2004, pp.11 Escholz et al., 2002, p. 33 9). Profiling Criminals. Forensic experts use profiling when they want to find suspects. While studding a crime accident, they can tell active a criminals personality and patterns.Forensic Science is important because it helps in analyzing of forensic clue is used in the prosecution and investigation of civil and criminal proceedings. It can help to find the guilt or innocence of suspects.The public is primarily educated about forensic science by Hollywood films and tv set shows (Barak, 1995, p. 3). Within the past ten years, the tenseness on forensics as a primary tool to solve crimes has increase significantly on extensivecast television with shows like CSI. In comparison, Hollywood films take over rarely featured a forensic scientist working in a lab or out in the field as a main character. Typically, the law make a stop at the crime lab to drop off or pick up potential evidence, thus move the films investigative plot forward.N perpetuallytheless, as pictured by the media, forensic science is a broad field just by both genuine forensic scientists and law enforcement investigators. In the real world, the duties of forensic specialists are normally limited to forensic science techniques however, law of nature investigators use forensic methods on occasion (Cather, K.H., 2004, p.13)Audiences have learned about forensics from television as well as film. Television has shown both handed-down forensic science and the use of forensic science by law enforcement through word of honor shows, documentaries, docudramas and crime dramas. These have been given much greater exposure lo the public in various television formats than Hollywood films ever did. Probably first to focus on forensic scientists were investigative news shows, such as 60 Minutes, 48 Hours, and MSNBC investigates.These often featured discordant criminal acts that were solved through the use of forensic science evidence. During the middle 1990s, docudramas that focus on forensic scientists began to emerge. New Detectives, FBI Files, and Forensic Files, feature actors to roleplay actual cases to depict how forensic science evidence assisted in the successful capture of offenders.Nowadays there are a lot of videos and documentary films about forensics, such as A Case of Murder, asleep(predicate) Mens Tales, Killers Trail, The Case for Innocence, The Case for Innocence, Jeffersons Blood, The Bone Collector, Murder by Numbers, Kiss the Girls.We should also mention such great television Series with Forensic Science Elements as CSI Crime Scene Investigation, Crossing Jordan, Law and Order (Richbourg, J., 2004, p.19).We can find a lot of True life crime forensic science on television in such shows as New Detectives, Forensic Files, I, Detective, Cold Case Files, Medical Detectives, Forensic Science, Unsolved History.The fact that television shows aspects of sciences makes it a honor. The TV shows like CSI has made students to be implicated in forensics courses.Young peo ple who watch CSI believe that those scenarios, where forensic scientists are always right, are what happen in reality. It means that in court, juries are not always impressed with evidence presented using scientific terms. other big problem created by media coverage of forensic science is that it informs criminals of the techniques the police use to catch them. That is why, some forensics experts are not willing to meet with the media (Cather, K.H., 2004, pp.13).There is an increasing amount of criminals who use gloves while making crimes and even use condoms during rapes in order not to leave their DNA at the scene.As a conclusions we can say that a minority of Americas macrocosm has had no direct experience with the criminal justice system (Escholz et al., 2002, p. 328 Surette Otto, 2002, p. 450). That is why those who are called for jury duty know very little of the capabilities of the use of forensic science to resolve criminal investigations. With the media serving as a pr imary source of information to 95% of the public (Surette, 1998.p. 197), the reality of forensic science in the average citizens mind could be based sole(prenominal) on the medial depictions of forensic experts.The ability of media to reach a broad audience seems to have caused a reaction by trial lawyers. For the last several years, the forensic crime drama CSI has surpassed the popularity of any other television show (Nielson Media Research. 2004). Nearly 80% of the surveyed lawyers suspected fans of forensic crime dramas have unrealistic expectations of evidence. The common belief among trial lawyers that forensic crime dramas create such unrealistic expectations seems to have resulted in several changes while preparing for trials and during criminal proceedings. First, a slight majority of the lawyers reported they ask jury candidates if they specifically view forensic crime dramas during voir dire. Attorneys also may be compensating for the initiative that jurors have unreali stic expectations of forensic evidence by submitting additional evidence for forensic testing. Fifty-one percent of the lawyers reported requesting some forensic tests more than they did five years ago. In contrast, prosecuting attorneys maybe requesting advertise forensic test because of an increased interest in matters involving forensic science by defensive structure attorneys. For every topic of defense interest investigated by the current study, at least 59% of the lawyers reported an increase.The responses to surveys by criminal trial lawyers declare oneself the majority of attorneys have reacted the current popularity of forensic crime dramas. Before these findings can be accepted as a general nationwide trend, further research in multiple regions of the country is needed. Qualitative and quantitative studies should be designed to test the findings of this study and expound upon this possibility. Better preparation by judges and attorneys to counter such a trend is warrant ed.

Programming Languages for Data Analysis

programme Languages for entropy AnalysisR and Python for info AnalysisAbstractThis musical composition dissertatees the comparison between the pop programing spoken communications for entropy analysis. Although there be plenty of choices in programme manner of speakings for Data science like Java, R Language, Python etc. With a whole lot of research carried knocked out(p) to cheat the strengths of these languages, we are going to discuss any 2 of these. Data Analytics has been the approximately important and trusted tool for business and markets. Data Analytics is nowadays reservation use of goods and services of SAAS (Software As a Service).For this literature review, two popular languages (R and python) exhaust been studied and evaluated the characteristics to decide which one exit be the right language for information analysis. both Languages shows their own strength and weakness and based on that, to understand the info based processing surroundingss in th e Distributed File Systems.Keywords-Programming language Data analytics R Python, Big DataFor an industry to grow in a market is not an easy task. With the help of Data Analytics, it send word grow large-mouthedger and better. It buns help to deliver quick somatic results and a value to business. The major ch anyenge with the data is to process it and wherefore machinate decisions worth value. Data Crunching requires proper tools and unchewable analysis. Out of all languages, we choose two popular language i.e R language and Python for data analysis.We are going to discuss the need of using a programming language in Data Analysis and list some of the characteristics of these two languages. In the end, we will conclude which language runs and delivers in the field of Data Analysis.While carrying out research in Data Analytics, we came across double programming languages apart from R and Python which are described below-Julia Not a well-recognized language but hackers surely talk of Julia. It is said to be immediate than R upgradable than Python. 5Java In comparison to R and Python, Java seems little capable in harm of Data visual percept but terminate be the first choice for the prototype of the statistical system. 6MATLAB Became popular and was utilize before the release of python and R.To be good total as a programming language we should consider different sayings of data analysis. For this review occasion we will broadly classify them as follow-Collection of Raw Data Data is available in variety of format. Programming languages were evaluated in terms of support for various data formats and efficiency in handling them.Data processing Once imported into program, datasets might require cleansing in terms of missing set, unrelated or redundant data set etc. Capabilities to deal with such data were evaluated for programming languagesData exploration Simplicity of follow throughing commonly utilise statistical methods like grouping, pa ttern recognition, transformation and sorting is evaluated for programming languages.Data Analysis Availability of special affair in-built functions and various methods of machine learning and deep analysis are employ as evaluation measures.Data Visualization Visualization is important aspect of data analytics. Visualization capabilities of programming languages were evaluated on the basis of ease of creation, informality and sharing in various formats.In addition to these capabilities we will discuss a bit about history and accolades of e actually programming language. We will also discuss popular choices for IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for these1 language.Introduced in 1995, by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is implementation of S programming language (Bell Labs). Latest version is 3.1.3 which was released in March, 2015. Rs architectural design and evolution is maintained by R-foundation and R-Core Group. 1Rs software environment is written primarily in C, FORTRAN, and R. RStudio is actually popular IDE used to perform data analysis using R. Primary used for academic research, R is rapidly expanding into enterprise market. 1A. Collection of Raw DataYou contribute moment data from variety of formats like excel, CSV, and from text files. DataFrames, primary data expression in R, hobo import files from SPSS or MiniTab. Basically R can handle data from most common sources without glitch.Where R is not so great at is data collection from web. Lot of work is existence carried to address this limitation. To name few, Rvest package will perform basal web-scraping time magrittr will parse the information on webpages. 13B. Data affectIt is very easy to reshape dataframe in R. Tasks like adding new columns, populating missing values etc. can be done with just one tune of code. Many new packages like reshape2 allow substance abusers to manipulate data frames to fit the criteria set per requirements. 3C. Data ExplorationR is built by st atisticians. For preliminary work its easy for beginners. Many models can be written with very few lines of codes. With R, users will be able to build probability distributions and apply statistical methods for machine learning. For advance work in analytics, optimization and analysis, users may have to rely on third party packages. 3Many popular packages like zoo (to work with time-series), caret (machine learning) represent strength of R. Python is loosely link up programming language with very wide user base.D. Data VisualizationVisualization is strong forte of R. R was built to perform statistical analysis and demonstrate the results. By default, R allows you to make basic charts and biz graphs which can be saved in variety of formats like jpeg or PDFs. With advance packages like ggvis, lattice and ggplot2 user can extend data visualization capabilities of R program. 13Created by Guido Van Rossum in 1991, Python is inspired by C, Modula-3 and in-perticular ABC. Python softwa re foundation (PSF) is curator for Python language. Current version is 3.4.3/2.7.9 released in Feb 2015/ regrets 2014. Python has been popular choice for programmer to build web and multitier applications. In place setting of data analytics, Python is majorly use by programmers to apply statistical techniques. Coding in python is easy because of nice syntax. 4IPython Notebook and ANACONDA are popular IDEs used for data analysis using Python.A. Collection of Raw DataIn addition to excel, CSV and text data, python also supports JASON and semi-structured data formats like XML and YAML. Using certain(prenominal) libraries, users can import SQL tables into python program 4Python Request Library facilitates web scrapping, where user can get data from websites to analyze in depth. 2B. Data ProcessingTo uncover underlying information, Pandas library of python comes handy. Like R, data is held in DataFrames which can be used and reused throughout program without hampering performance. 2Use rs can apply shopworn methods of cleaning data or process data to fill out incompelete information just like R.C. Data ExplorationPandas is very regent(postnominal) library. Users will be able to group by datavalues and sort them fit to timeseries. Comlex grouping clauses like time-series analysis to seconds can be performed on dataframes in python program.D. Data VisualizationUsing MetaPlotlib 2 library, user can plot basic graphs and chrats from available data-points. For advance visulization, Plot.ly can be used, which is another python library.Users can use powerful IDEs like Anaconda or IPython Notebook to create powerful visualization and convert them into various formats like HTML.In addition to their differences, there are few common positives about both Python and R which make them so popular among data analysts and statisticians.R and Python are distributed under expand license which make them free to download and modify per users need. In tune to other programming to ols, like SAS and SPSS, which come with hefty price tag. cosmos open source, many advancements in statistics will come to python and R first.6Both of them are widely loved and supported by big society of statisticians and developers. 6IDE like IPython Notebook will consolidate your datasets in one file, thereby simplifies your workflow.2R has rich ecosystem of cutting edge packages to string your work in concert which proves useful in particular to Data Analysis.3Python is more of customary dissolve language. Its easy and intuitive, therefor it has simplified learning curve.Pythons testing framework guaranties reusability and dependableness of code.R is language developed by statisticians for statisticians while python is easier to learn general purpose programming language.3Working through research in programming languages for data analytics, there are many other options which are listed below-Julia though not yet widely recognized, data hackers talk fondly of Julia. It is reg arded as faster than R and more scalable than Python.5Java Although java is not as capable as python and R in terms of visualization, it can be primary choice to build prototype for statistical system. 6KAFKA unquestionable by linked-in, KAFKA is highly regarded for its real-time analytics capabilities.6STORM Storm is framework written in SCALA which saw recent tides of popularity in Silicon ValleyMATLAB outmatch Used by many statisticians before outburst of python and R.Special convey to Prof. Oisin Creaner, for presenting this opportunity to dig out for various options available for programming in Data AnalyticsIhaka, R. and Gentleman, R., 1996. R a language for data analysis and graphics. daybook of computational and graphical statistics, 5(3), pp.299-314.Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., Michel, V., Thirion, B., Grisel, O., Blondel, M., Prettenhofer, P., Weiss, R., Dubourg, V. and Vanderplas, J., 2011. Scikit-learn implement learning in Python. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, pp.2825-2830..Nasridinov, A. and Park, Y.H., 2013, September. Visual Analytics for Big Data Using R. In fog and Green Computing (CGC), 2013 Third International Conference on (pp. 564-565). IEEE.Sanner, M.F., 1999. Python a programming language for software integration and development. J Mol represent Model, 17(1), pp.57-61.Bezanson, J., Karpinski, S., Shah, V.B. and Edelman, A., 2012. Julia A fast dynamic language for technical computing. arXiv preprint arXiv1209.5145.Fan, W. and Bifet, A., 2013. Mining big data current status, and forecast to the future. ACM sIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 14(2), pp.1-5.

Haleeb Foods Company Analysis

Haleeb Foods Company AnalysisHaleeb foods limited, formerly k today as Chaudhry dairies was formed in 1985. It is unmatched of the fastest growing companies since its inception. The tenderness point of intersection of the smart set has continuously been obstructaged watch out only when it modernly operates in s foreveral most a nonher(prenominal) food product categories. It has continued to put forward high role products to its clients and is one of the first companies In Pakistan to use tetra gestates ripe haloaging technology. It is princip aloney engaged in processing and sale of speak take out, take out powder, allied dairy farm products and fruit juices. (Haleeb Foods Intern Report, 2012)It was founded back in 1985 with a total subject of 80000 liters per day and has deuce production plants. The important production facility is at Bhai Pheru, kn feature as the BHP (Bhai Pheru whole shebang). Due to its fearful success and a high demand for its product s especially Haleeb milk the party set up a nonher plant at Rahim Yar khan. The RYK plant is a state of the art facility. C overing an ara of over 72 earth the plant it equipped with the in vogue(p) technology and was a in truth actually tumefyhead project that Haleeb Foods undertook.Liquid milk was the first product produced at the attach to and was a spacious success. There were approximately 20 to 25 former(a) dairy companies operating in Pakistan at that meter but Haleeb as a partnership was windlessness able to stand out of the clutter. It was an implausible police squad of over 700 employees at the BHP and an outstanding merchandiseing team that contributed to this success.Haleeb foods has segmented its product portfolio into multiple discolorationmarks including Haleeb, Candia and Tropico. Haleeb is the flagship brand of the fellowship. Haleeb UHT milk is open in tailfin SKUs of Tetra pack packaging. (Irfan, 2012) Due to its strong roleing of being th e thickest milk beat out for tea and the highest top of mind aw beness in the dairy application of Pakistan the partnership has been able to increase its sales and has had a signifi hind endt consumer and swop pe finalration of the brand. It is a give care obtainable in Tetra Fino packaging under the brand of Dairy queen.By unappeasablely following the quality control measures the federation was withal one of the first fewer companies in Pakistan to get ISO certified. This had a huge pertain on the perceived quality of its clients and help procession sales in its early geezerhood. The political party has withal been a innovator in introducing the tetra pack Fino packaging and introducing sterilized milk in the country.The accompany has diversified into multiple products and a ample product line over the geezerhood. The basic product line extension includes products worry Haleeb Cream, Haleeb Butter, Haleeb Asli Desi Ghee, Daizy yoghurt, Candia, Just fruit, Trop ico juice, Haleeb Labban, Haleeb pastimeday juice, Haleeb soundly day etc.The company entered into a franchise agreement with Caddilac France and launched Candia milk in 1999. Candia was available in two variants i.e. Candia disuniteic (a tea whitener) and Candia edulcorate up (flavored milk) for kids. This was a successful venture before the company started to underperform. straightaway Haleeb Foods no longer produces Candia.The company has a vast dispersal meshing covering a phone number of cities crossways Pakistan. This is one factor that contributed positively to its success and help the company build an ever growing consumer network. ab initio Haleeb as well started to export some of its products to countries like Korea, Hong Kong, Middle East, China, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, UK and U.S.A but out-of-pocket to its poor financial execution of instrument in the more recent long time it could not continue this for long.The primary reason for its success was the huge idiom the company l assist on continually improving its quality and following very strict quality control measures. The quality certifications that Haleeb as a company has ar as followsHACCP (In process controls for safer products)ISO 9001(Better quality for high customer satisfaction)ISO 14001(Environment friendly trading operations)The company was able to in cash these certifications for quite some time before the quality of its products st atomic number 18d to deteriorate and was questioned by the customers and its distributors.The company has its operations grownly centralized at its head teacher office which is located at 135 Ferozpur Road Lahore. Most of its departments are based at the head office for example finance, commercializeing, human resources, sales, administration and information technology. The remaining provided are based at its Bhai Pheru Plant. Regional offices of the company are open across the country in cities like Rawalpindi, Karachi, Peshawar, Que tta and Rahim Yar Khan. This facilitates its distribution and flattually sales. peckOptimizing resources to deliver sustainable growth3MISSION STATEMENTProductivity Be a exceedingly cost-efficient rough-and-ready organizationPeople Develop a team of passionate and committed individuals whose goals are completely aligned with the incorporate objectivesPortfolio Maintain a portfolio designed to meet ever- changing consumer expectations by delivering nourishing and high quality food solutions in a monetary value effective mannerProfit Maximize long term growth to roleholders era being honorablely responsiblePartners Develop sustainable and mutually secure relationships with customers, suppliers and other stakeholdersPlanet Be a responsible corporate entity by helping build sustainable communities3CORPORATE VALUESIntegrity and moralityFor more than two decades, Haleeb Foods Ltd (HFL) has emerged as a company that believes in honorable dealing, honesty and reliability. Membe rs of Haleeb family are determined to ob aid and follow the utmost ethical touchstones required for any business concern to run smoothly. This is reflected in the daily functions, where all employees are facilitated with equal opportunities, barring any differentiation on the solid ground of gender, religion, cast, color and other variables. We are focused towards promoting the merit-based trade-gardening, assuming it to be a fundamental pillar for success. We take pride in how we conduct the business, magical spell consistently emboldening everyone to do the right thing at all hours. (Haleeb Foods Ltd., 2012) credit line of ExcellenceWe at Haleeb Foods Ltd (HFL) are geared towards delivering exceptional performance consistently. We extend to this by maintaining a competitive spirit throughout, which helps us in elevating our business in term of wageability, growth and accomplishing inspiring levels of success. Our primary focus is to serve our consumers with the go aroun d appraise for their money. Irrespective of the scotch conditions, we do not oscillate in challenging boundaries and rather excel with hope. (Haleeb Foods Ltd., 2012)Em providement and Accountability worry at Haleeb Foods believes in providing employees with avenues through which sense of ownership is created and authority is delegated. This not only boosts the morale of an individual but also helps in lend towards efficiency and productivity. Empowerment results in devolution of trust and establishment of a wellnessy working(a) environment. Delegating responsibility does not abandon individualized accountability. Thus, in beau monde to enjoy an effective and desirable outcome, competent supervise processes are practiced, where each employee takes responsibility for their respective decisions. (Haleeb Foods Ltd., 2012)Cooperative SpiritAdmitting the enormousness of teamwork, Haleeb Foods Ltd passionately promotes the culture of sharing knowledge and working soak upively. Th e concept of working with coordination comes in handy for reaping benefits from pooled talent and expertise ultimately resulting in high productivity. We provide a platform, where going an extra mile to accomplish team objectives is a common routine. Simultaneously, personal satisfaction amongst employees is achieved. To add still value to our work practices, experienced and capable counseling is provided that enables employees to work under a shared vision. (Haleeb Foods Ltd., 2012)Environment, Health and SafetyHaleeb Foods Ltd has successfully managed to align its goals with procedures that prioritize and travel along with employee safety and health. Acknowledging the paramount significance and vitality of human capital for ensuring a successful business, the company arranges tumesceness programs sided by comprehensive safety literary works to educate the employees about safe working environment. HFL facilitates employees with prompt first aid service and medical treatment, a ccompanied by periodical medical check-up, a trained team for fire-fighting, emergency exit drills, employee/workers locker commission and laundry management. Last but not the least Haleeb is privileged with ISO 9001-2008, 14001 and 2200 certifications. (Haleeb Foods Ltd., 2012)Corporate genial ResponsibilityHaleeb Foods Ltd encourages its employees to contribute consistently and positively towards a smash standard of feeling, not merely for its customers but also for the community. Not assuming lootability to be the only business objective, Haleeb foods has integrated its operations with activities that help prominent back to the community. In order to be recognized as a socially active entity, Haleeb Foods has supported the project of MEDA Pakistan Pathways and Purse strings. Besides empowering the slight advantaged, Haleeb Foods Ltd is also cautious about being environment friendly, through strict obedience of waste reduction and numerous other practices. (Haleeb Foods L td., 2012)MANAGEMENT teamDesignationNameChief Executive OfficerFaisal Imran Hussain MalikDirector financeBasit HumayunChairmanIlyas M ChaudhrySenior Manager Human ResourceSalman Nawazish common Manager SalesKhurram Mehr MalikBrand ManagerNaveed Ali ShigriGeneral Manager PlantFarooq Ayub KhanManager RDRao Muhammad ImranManager Warehouse LogisticsMuhammad Ali ShahidHead of Supply ambitRizwan AhmadHead of TechnicalHaseeb Ahmed MalikCOMPETITORSPakistans FMCG sector is bountifully dominated by the two big giants that is to say near and Engro Foods. Both are huge firms with a large customer base and operating very successfully in different products categories. Haleeb Foods has faced immense competition from these firms. come on and Engro are twain super profitable with draw close, a multi field company being the market leader with a very diverse product portfolio.Products like take out pack, Olpers and Good milk excite posed a serious holy terror to Haleeb milk. Currently how ever, considering the economic and political conditions of the country no firm is execute at its full potential. gamey inflation rates, rising anele prices, power shortages suck all contributed to the closing spate of many ventures. The competitors are also having a difficulty in surviving in this tough environment.By foc utilize on making its processes and policies Haleeb can improve its competitive position and rise again. It has to have a strong product portfolio and a very constructed merchandise plan to regain its lost fame and success.PRODUCT CATEGORIESHaleeb as a company has always placed its customers first. In an attempt to fulfill the ever changing needs and meet the increasing demands of its customers the company has diversified its product portfolio gradually over the years. Many products like Candia milk and Skimz milk that were record in the market before are no longer available and have been replaced by advanced products. The company has upgraded many of its r ecipes and re-launched a catch of products in an attempt to better meet the needs of its target market. any(prenominal) of the latest product categories at Haleeb areUHT MilkHaleeb was the first company that introduced UHT milk in Pakistan. The UHT milk category currently includes Haleeb milk only.Haleeb Milk is homogenized and standardized milk which is safely packaged using the Tetra packs latest packaging technology. It has a shelf life of about 3 months or more and is one of the most famous and best selling brands in the Haleeb family. It is produced on different SKUs like the Haleeb 250ml, Haleeb 500ml and so on.Skimz was another product in the UHT milk category which was mainly targeting the diet conscious quite a little has now been removed from the portfolio as a result of the financial issues faced at the company. It was positioned primarily as a perfect source of calcium and vitamins for stronger bone up and healthier individuals. In addendum to its high calcium conte nt, Skimz was also entire for maintaining an individuals blood pressure.BeveragesSeveral products are produced at the Haleeb production plant as part of the beverage category. Some well- cognize beverages include Just fruit, Fun milk, Tropico and Haleeb doodh.Just fruit, as the name suggests is a fruity drink produced using farm fresh fruits. It is available in a wide bod of flavors including Apple, Orange, Mango and Grapes. It is a ready to drink beverage available in a small 200ml pack.Fun milk was primarily targeted at the kids. It has always been believed that children should have a high intake of milk as it is considerably for their health. It makes their bones strong providing them with the necessary calcium content but unluckily not many kids really like drinking milk. This was the basic view behind the launch of this product. It offered several variants including chocolate, strawberry and vanilla. Again it was available in a 200ml pack.Haleeb doodh was again flavored mil k available in chocolate, strawberry, almond and cardamum flavors. The primary difference in Haleeb doodh and fun milk was the packaging. Haleeb doodh was targeted at the adults where as fun milk was positioned as milk for only kids.Tropico, in addition to being available in a 200ml pack is also available in a 1000ml family pack. It is positioned as pure juice nectar available in Mango, Orange and Apple flavors.Chilled DairyThe chilled dairy segment is has products under a common brand name DAIZY. It includes Daizy yogurt, butter, cheese and raita.Daizy yogurt is a essentially sweetened yogurt packaged carefully to preserve its natural not bad(predicate)ness. It is considered proficientish for enhancing the immune system and for the digestive system. Daizy yogurt is available in 200gm and 400gm shrink wrapped trays.Daizy butter is another very healthy dairy product produced at the Haleeb factory. Butter is made of pure natural fats and has a high content of vitamin A and D. It is made on different tetra pack SKUs and is thus available in five sizes ranging from 20g to 1000gm.Daizy cheese is a milk based product. It gives your pizzas sandwiches etc a much better taste and is one of the best selling products at Haleeb. It is made in 2kg packs, 1kg pack and 200gm pack. Each pack contains a fixed number of wrapped cheese slices.Daizy raita is a sport in the traditional yogurt. Keeping in mind the Pakistani culture the company came up with this product a few years ago. Pakistani people love to have raita with a lot of these meals so it Daizy raita serves as a readymade raita enhances every food moment and makes their food taste delicious.FatsA number of products with a high fat content are also produced at Haleeb. Fat is a bi product of processed milk and the company utilizes it to the fullest. Two main fat based products that complement the general portfolio are Asli desi ghee and Haleeb lick.Haleeb Asli Desi Ghee is made of pure natural butter. The butter is processed however by shake uping it and the result is incredible. It is again targeting the Pakistani market and a large target audience as is considered very healthy and nourishing. similarly the product has a shelf life of 1 year which facilitates its distribution and contributes positively to its sale. It is available in three sizes namely 2kg, 5kg and 16kg.Haleeb cream is one product produced at the Haleeb plant which contributing to its overall profitability even today. The investigate and organic evolution department has worked really hard to make the cream competitive and do well in the market. The product is positioned as healthy, nutritious product that has a smooth texture and tastes delicious. It is available in 200ml pack and has a shelf life of 6 months.WhitenerTea whiteners are increasingly being used around the globe as a substitute to fresh milk. Tea max is considered one of the best in this category.Haleeb tea max is a product that is primarily targeting S EC C and has done very well in the market. It has generated enormous sales volumes for the company and is considered the best in its category. It is available in 200ml and 250ml packs. It has a shelf life of three months.Dairy queen is also targeted at the lower class of the society. It is a relatively cheaper product and is jammed in pouches to reduce the cost and price further. It is a standardized, homogenized product with 3.5% fat and 8.5% non fat content. It is available in a 6 layered Tetra pack fino packaging and has a shelf life of 3 months.MANUFACTURING PROCESS AT HALEEBHaleeb Foods Limited has its own manufacturing and production facilities as mentioned preceding(prenominal). The current operational plant at Bhai Pheru is highly efficient. It is generally perceived that packaged milk is unhealthy and not good for use however Haleeb ensures consistent and good quality products by having an efficient manufacturing process. The process for making Haleeb milk is as followsCo llection of raw milkTestingPasteurizationStandardizationHomogenizationSterilizationUltra heat treatment (UHT)PackingIt is only after following all these locomote that Haleeb milk is made available to the end users. The company has a number of milk collection centers where raw milk is delivered by gawalas, small home plate farmers and some milk providing companies. This milk is tried and true for its acceptance at the milk collection centers. There are 14 tests that are conducted to ensure good quality at this level. Once the milk is collected, company owned trucks collect this milk from different centers and bring it to the BHP. Here the milk is again tested and past pasteurized, standardized and homogenized before finally being packed using Tetra pack Fino machines.CURRENT SCENARIO AT HALEEB FOODS LTDHaleeb started off as a very successful business venture but unfortunately could not sustain its high profitability and success. Companys profitability started to correct over the years along with the quality of its products. The Rahim Yar Khan project had a huge impact on the companys financial position and although it is a state of the art facility, its still not operational today. Haleeb rents out its tetra pack section at RYK to go up during the high demand season.Due to the poor management of resources and not very well managed decisions the company has incurred huge losses for the pull through few years. In Nov 2011 Haleeb foods ltd was acquired by a large giant in the market namely Mega and Forbes. They appointed a new chief executive officer, Mr. Faisal Imran Hussain Malik who is a highly qualified and a very competent person.Since November 2011 Haleeb is in the process of restructuring. The company which once had over 750 employees currently has cut it down to only 450 employees. A lot of firing and termination of incompetent people (in the managements view) took place. The company is highly unstable since then but is gradually moving towards stab ility.The new management has a very unique and a different management mood from what the employees at Haleeb were used to. This is one reason that led to a highly demotivated men at the company. The employees and the top management are having issues in adjusting with each. The large number of terminations has created high levels of job insecurity, employees no longer feel that they pop off to the organization and on the other hand the management is highly dissatisfy by the performance they deliver at work. Employees who are competent and have hands on experience in various fields are resigning, thus fueling the workforce problem.As a result of this, management has started to hire new employees at a very fast pace. caution trainee programs are formally introduced into the company in an attempt to inject new blood into the organization. Instead of making things better this new hiring is worsening the situation. sr. employees show resistance towards the newer ones while the mana gement is training them and investing huge sums of money in their development. The element of job insecurity is also worsening. pitiful human resource management and a highly de-motivated workforce are having serious implications on the companys performance. Although Haleeb is recovering from its losses but most of its products are failing in the market. a lot brands have shut down, retailers are not really interested in stocking its products, customers perceive the quality of its products to have deteriorated and so on.If all this continues the Company would definitely going to go down the drain in the near future. It now has to be thought that what can make the situation better? A better workforce? What does it take to have a more competent workforce? What could make the workforce at Haleeb really motivated at this point in time?This is the question that I am going to address in my research project.Competitors AnalysisPakistan has a well developed Fast Moving Consumer Goods sector that contributes a fundamental amount to the overall economy. Haleeb Foods is a well known FMCG in the country. The company is currently facing intense competition from the other FMCG companies operating in the country like hold tight, Engro Foods Ltd., Shezan and Nurpur etc. In order to successfully compete in the market and regain its lost market share the company should carefully analyze its competitive activities.Nestle PakistanNestle Pakistan is one of the leading companies in the country. It is also a very well reputed company with its operations spread all across the world and has diligent over 250,000 people across the globe. The success of the company can also be attributed to the competent and hard working work force comprising of people from different backgrounds, race, nationality etc. nestle has managed to successfully operate worldwide by having a well defined economic model and a vast customer base over the years. The company has certain strengths and weaknesses w hich are discussed under as part of the SWOT analysisStrengthsStrong product portfolio. systematically good quality products.Excellent company image.Well developed marketing strategies and campaigns.Highest market share in the country.WeaknessesWeak distribution channel.Use of oxidizable rather than proactive marketing approaches.Excessive focus on profitability.OpportunitiesAn ever growing market for health conscious consumers.Develop a well managed distribution system. outgrowth market for bottled water as the infrastructure in Pakistan further deteriorates.Can cater the rural areas and further expand their markets.Threats changing consumer modes and demands.Ever intensifying competition.Government regulations in the form of taxes that lead the company to raise prices.High inflation rate in the country.Very few entry barriers further intensifying competition.Engro Foods LtdEngro Foods is another fats growing company in the fast moving consumer goods sector of the country. The c ompany operates in several areas across Pakistan and has a diversified portfolio. It is a direct competitor to Haleeb Foods ltd. Some of the strengths weaknesses of the company are explained in the SWOT analysis belowStrengthsStrong brand nameLarge customer baseContinuous research developmentFully automated third generation plantGood relationships with farmersWeaknessesHigh distribution costsWeak product portfolioImproper capacity workneediness of ISO certificationHaleeb Foods LtdHaleeb as mentioned above was one of the biggest dairy companies in the country but unfortunately could not keep pace with the changing market environment. The company has lost its market share to its close competitors like Nestle and Engro foods.StrengthsBest dairy companyThickest milkWide customer baseInnovative tetra pack packagingWeaknessesDeclining market shareLack of focusWeak employee baseWeak distribution channelsOpportunitiesGrowing market for packaged milk and milk productsMore competent workfo rceDeveloping distribution channelsCovering untapped market areasUtilizing capacity at the Rahim Yar Khan plantThreatsIntensifying competitionChanging market trendsHigh inflation rate in the countryChanging economic conditionsFinancial AnalysisRatio analysis for Nestle Pakistan is given in computed in the table above. Nestle is a well reputed and a well performing FMCG company in Pakistan. It is the market leader and has highest market share in the industry. The companys overall financial performance is satisfactory and compared to Engro it is much superior. As we deduct from its profitability ratios that the company is profitable. Its pull in permissiveness, net profit margin and the operating profit margin have shown a slight decline from 2009-2010. But is ROA has increase to 11.02% in 2010 and ROE increased to 16.7%.Which is a good indicator of the companys health. It shows that the companys assets are paying off well. When compared to Engro it is can be seen that the down-to -earth profit margin ratio is higher (23.27%) as compared to the ICIs 19.1% in 2010. The net profit margin for Engro however is -3.4% as compared to the ICIs + 6.9%. This shows that Engro has high operating expenses like the administrative expense etc. in this regard Nestle performance is superior.The comparison of the liquidity ratios, more precisely the current ratios show that Nestle has a ratio of 2.17 whereas Engro has a ratio of 0.9. Nestle is in a better position in terms of it liquidity. The liquidity implications for the firm were positive as shown by the increase in the working capital from 82.19 one million million in 2009 to RS 320.6 million inThe inventory swage ratio shows that Nestle has an inventory turnover almost double the amount of Engros. Engros inventory turnover is 3.39 whereas for Nestle has an inventory turnover of 6.67. The higher the inventory turnover the better it is for the company, so Nestle is better off.From the efficiency ratios at Nestle, we can infer that Nestle, Engro and all other companies in the industry are facing problems. The hiking oil prices and gas and energy crisis are all increasing the companys expenses.Haleeb FoodsWhere Nestle is the market leader, Haleeb was established in 1986 and its first product was Haleeb milk. Since then, it has continued to provide quality products to its consumers with product and packaging innovations.The overall analysis of the firms financial statements shows that the company is not doing well. Compared to the industry leaders like Nestle and Engro, Haleeb is not that large a company. A deeper look into the company shows that its profitability has decreased from 2009-2011. Its net profit margin has reduced to 4.83% in 2011 from 7.19% in 2009. Although it is not a good indicator for the company, it still higher than the Engros -1.9%. This shows that compared to the industry averages Engro is doing poor in terms of its profitability. In terms of the gross profit margins Engro has s uperior results compared to both Nestle and Haleeb. From this we could conclude that the cost of goodsEngros liquidity position is weak as compared to its competitors. Its current ratio of 0.9 in 2010 is even lower than the Haleebs 1.1. Turnover ratios on the other hand shows that Engro is doing better than the Haleeb foods, it has a higher inventory turnover of 3.3 is higher than the Haleebs 2.8 in 2010. This shows that Engro is selling off its inventory faster as compared to Haleeb foods.Overall, from the above analysis we can conclude that Engro is better than the competitors in terms of its natural process ratios. It is in effect managing its turnover whereas the ultimate measure of a companys success, the profitability ratios founder that Haleeb is doing poor. It seriously needs to improve its profitability in the coming years.EngroThe overall profitability of the company is decreasing its return on shareholders faithfulness is also showing a negative trend of -17.19% in 2011 and so is the return on common equity.. This decrease is mainly due to the increase in the companys expenses primarily its administrative expenses and the taxes. The cost of goods manufactured, have also increased for Engro. flavor at Engros gross profit margins over the last three years we can conclude that the companys gross profit was stable at around 23% in the financial years 2009 and 2010. However ion 2011, due to a rise in expenses the companys gross profit has slightly decreased to 20.8%.Engros gross profit is showing a fluctuating trend. It was around 2.8% in 2009 then rose to 5.1% in 2010 and then again fell to 4.1% in 2011. These changing trends and fluctuations can be attributed to the changing market environments and the highly variable national and global economic trends. Engros net profitability ratios show a large amount of uncertainty as it was 0.7% in 2009, and then fell further to negative 3.4% in 2010. However, in 2011 it can be seen that although the companys n et profit margin is negative it is still showing a positive trend towards betterment. Return on asset ratio is ratio is showing a declining trend which is not a healthy sign. Current ratio shows the relationship between the current assets and the current liabilities of the company over the last s increase in assets is accompanied by an increase in the liabilities. This is why the current ratio for Engro did not improve. It has been stable around 0.9% over the last few years. Quick ratio at Engro is showing a retard increasing trend which enables us to conclude that the current assets of the company is increasing. For Engro, their debt to equity ratio decreased tremendously to almost o% in 2010 but unfortunately the company could not maintain it and it rose to 6.3% in 2011. Engro should effectively manage its debt to equity ratio as an increasing trend in this ratio is not a very good sign of the health of the company. It shows that the company is focusing more on debt financing as irrelevant to equity financing and this will affect the companys image in the look of the shareholders. Engros debt to assets ratio has been increasing for the last three years with s significant increase from 0

The Teapot Dome Scandal

The Teapot domed stadium outrageTarryl GarnerThe topic is Teapot loft outrage. People in the office resolved to make a social club for cover color to make more funds for themselves. Harding c in anyed for a return to normalcy, which meant support for the pursuit of confidential profit. The people in the office was caught and had to turn the embrocate company to the navy. The Teapot loft scandal of 1923 was the complete of many political scandals of Hardings tenure and of the 1920s in general. It happened in 1921-1923. It was the prototypic cadence that a president that had a scandal.The first person who is manif nonagenarian in Teapot Dome is Albert B. turn over. Albert worsening received approximately four coulomb thousand dollars exchange for his favoritism. Fall was the fall in States Senator from New Mexico and the secretary on a lower floor electric chair warren G Harding infamous for his involvement. Albert Fall became the first console table official was sent to prison. The second person is Edwin C. Denby. Edwin singed all the leases Edwin was cleared of all the charges he had. Became interested in mines, lumber, bestow, railroads, farming, and stock raising member territorial leave House of Representatives 1891-1892. Convicted of bribery for leasing national lands to crude companies in exchange for own(prenominal) loans. Fall spent nine months in a New Mexico aver prison. Fall retied in major Marine Corps in the United States Reserve in 1919. Appointed chief probation officer in the recorders hook of the city of Detroit and in the circuit court of Wayne County in 1920. Resumed the practice of rightfulness and various business enterprises died in Detroit Michigan February 8, 1929 interment in elm Cemetery. He also was well known as a dancer. He was writer and wrote books. The third person was Harry F Sinclair. Sinclair wanted to be in a businesses into the crude oil fields, which was in the early phase of their growing in the central part of the country. He was an American industrialist and was the founder of the cover ships company. He was implicated in the 1920s Teapot Dome Scandal. He served sextet months in prison for jury tampering. Sinclair decided he didnt want to be in jail so he decided to deny all guilt so he can bilk back into the oil company to make more money that he lost, which continued to prosper. During the great Depression, he purchased troubled oil companies continuing to build a across the nation network of oil fields, pipelines, and refineries. The fourth person is Edward L. Sinclair. In 1922 Sinclair was the president of the big oil company, Sinclair was received the rights to the Teapot Dome. He rose from years as a drifter to turn the richest man in America. He wants to spend his conk years in prolonged court battles on charges of bribery and putrefaction in the famous Teapot Dome Scandal. While Edward Sinclair waits for his second trial, for bribery, Doheny face d a major family tragedy. Edward Doheny was a friend of fall was prominent in the American petroleum and Transport Company was leaked in the fields in atomic number 20 Elk hills. Edward Doheny was guilty of bribery charge, unless Edward was agonistic to repay $47 million in settlements, taxes, and penalties by the court. The last person was warren G. Harding. Warren G. Harding was elected the 29th U.S. president on his birthday, and served from 1921 to 1923. At age 14, Harding attended Ohio Central College where he edited the campus newspaper and became an accomplished public speaker. He personally turn or allowed Congress to reverse many policies of the Wilson establishment and approved tax cuts on higher incomes and protective tariffs.Facts about the teapot dome scandal. It was named after rock take a shitation. Fall received bribes of over $400,000 it did not continue as a secret for along time. Greatest and the most sensory scandal in the memorial of American politics. The Teapot Dome was a geologic formation that traps oil underground by the layers of the rocks layer up to form a dome. In 1924, the senate inquiry concluded that the Teapot Dome and Elk hills oil leases had been fraudulent and corrupt. Both Albert Fall and Edwin Denby they had to resign from office because of the Teapot Dome scandal however, President Harding was not involved to have a role in the illegal dealing. Edwin Denby was not fraud but with his dowery, the other he was forced to resign from the office. When President Harding he surrounded himself with a group of his old friends that become known as the Ohio gang. Then on August second 1923, President Harding died unexpectedly of a heart attack. Calvin Coolidge became president.The Teapot Dome scandal closure was from 1921-1923. The First World War ends for the United States in August of 1921 when the U.S. and Germany sign the Treaty of Berlin. New York Yankee pitcher Babe Ruth hit his 138th home run during June of 1921. Ruth broke the career home-run record that had been held by Roger Connor for 23 years. Seven of the sixteen major railway unions at the time joined to differ wage cuts for railway maintenance workers. At the get under ones skin of the strike about 400,000 workers walked off the job and while the strike had any(prenominal) economic effects across the country.The surrounding circumstances. Fall secret grant to Harry Sinclair of the oil company to expect if he had the exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome Wyoming reserves. He granted similar rights to Edward L. Doheny of pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills reserves in California. They all came very rich. Teapot Dome is a geological feature in Wyoming, Teapot Dome named for nearby rock, and you can see the oil company. In addition, private wells surrounded the naval reserve fields, siphoning off their underground deposits. When the news became public in April 1922, conservationists and small oil producers in Wyoming, wh o objected to the secrecy and lack of competitive bidding, raised a rage of protest. Teapot Dome was only the most dramatic example of corruption by Hardings appointees. President Coolidge set up the Federal Oil Conservation posting to encourage closer coordination in oil production between the federal official regimen and the oil industry. A company from Sinclair and the rest of the people that was in the scandal indicating that the bonds receiving good things from the leases.There were rumors where in which couple people in Hardings Administration had bought a rich deserted oil reserve in Wyoming to private interest to eventually payback the bribes toward the company. The senate public made a choice to investigate the Albert fall received not only $100,000 from Doheny Fall also received $300,000 from Sinclair the president of Mammoth oil company Fall exchange it to cash for the use of the Teapot Dome oil reserve. It started with rumors that the members of the administration had purchases slightly the remote rich land which was an oil reserve in Wyoming to private interests in return for bribes. Some men in New Mexico had become increasingly suspicious when they noticed fall buying more land and improving his property on that point, and oilmen in Wyoming and Colorado began to write their Congressmen in protest and for information. At an executive session of the Public Lands Committee on January 26, 1924, Walsh introduced an fancy where he introduced on a Monday during the Senate Resolution calling on President Coolidge to annul the leases of Teapot Dome and Elk Hills and to appoint a special talk over to investigate and prosecute the individuals of all who were involved in the mater.The effect on the government. Judge T Blake ruled against the government to give the scandal to soulfulness else but the leases were finally cancelled when the United States arbitrary Court overturn the Kennedy decision. Became synonymous with government corruption and t he scandals arising out of the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Since then, it has sometimes been used to symbolize the power and influence of oil companies in America politics. Occidental Petroleum Company took over operations there in 1998 in the largest single divestiture of federal property in the history of the US government. Which currently produces a small amount of crude oil and natural gas and earns approximately $5 million per year for the federal government. Eventually everything was okay the United States Supreme Court decided to get rid of the lease inoperative and the oil company at the Teapot Dome and Elk hills was returned to the government.The suffering of the people were involved in the teapot scandal. Albert B. Fall was confident(p) of bribery he served nine months of a one-year sentence but after 9 months he been in jail he was released because of sad health. Harry Sinclair was put in prison he served six and half months in prison. Harry Sinclair left prison denying all guilt and returned to his oil business, which continued to prosper. Edward Doheny was acquitted again of the bribery charge, but was ordered by the courts to repay $47 million in settlements, taxes, and penalties. Edward Doheny son was killed by Plunkett. Plunkett subsequent comminuted suicide because Plunkett feared that he was going to be sent to prison for helping delivering cash to Albert Fall.The outcome of the Teapot Dome scandal. District Judge T. Blake Kennedy ruled in favor of against the government, but the leases were finally cancelled when Supreme Court overturned the Kennedy decision. Concluded that the Teapot Dome and elk hills oil leases had been fraudulent and corrupt. The federal government brought the trial to federal court in the state of Wyoming to deny the bribery-induced leases to Teapot Dome that fall had given to Sinclair. Congress made President Harding to cancel the leases. The Supreme Court made the leases cheating ruled illegal th e charges what President Harding had go against Albert Fall.People in the office decided to make a company for oil for a backup plan to make a circle of money. When you are in charged you should become a leader and return people how to be a better person.

Definition and purpose of computer accounting information system

Definition and conclude of reckoner story cultivation agreementThis literature re impression go out begins with definitions and the target of (AIS) and discussion of the studies of general IT seeion and then follow-ups studies specific in totallyy foc subroutined on method of accountancy softwargon receiveion. Then it pass on discuss the Uses,development and the stride of AIS. The remainder of this literature review will discuss the effectiveness of accountancy reading agreement.Definition of com posting machine news report info placement (AIS)The computer write up entropy arrangement (AIS) was invented by professor K ben Osterheld, It was apply as a scheme of records for backing keeps to maintain its accounting system. This seize ins the purchase, sales, and different fiscal bringes of the telephone circuit. 1The draw a bead on of AIS is to accumulate entropy and return decision possessrs (investors, creditors, and managers) with data to pat ch up decision, term this was previously a paper-based process, most modern line of workes now utilize accounting packet such(prenominal)(prenominal) as UBS, MYOB etc. 1IT Adoption Factors for computerized accounting 2several(prenominal) studies (Thong 1999 Harrison, Mykytyn and Riemenschneider 1997 Cragg and King 1993 Moore and Benbasat 1991 Treadgold 1990) of IT adoption turn in identified a variety of incite factors. Thong (1999) attempted to consolidate the myriad of IT adoption research by developing an integrated model of reading systems adoption. This model is a utilizable framework in reviewing the variables that impact on business owners decision to adopt IT.Thong categorized the variables into four elements1. characteristics of the organizational decision makers2. characteristics of the technological conception3. characteristics of the organization and4. characteristics of the environment in which the organization operates.According to the literature all of the ab ove characteristics influence, to varying degrees, the owner- managers decision to implement IT.Characteristics of the Organizational Decision MakersIn large businesses teams be typically involved in the IT decision-making process. This is in seam to slight business where the owner-manager is ordinarily the IT decision maker (Thong 1999). In small business, thitherfore, the characteristics of the owner-manager are critical in determining the organisations attitude to IT (Rizzoni 1991). The particular owner-manager characteristics serious to IT adoption are innovativeness, computer self-efficacy, level of IT knowledge, education, and IT training experience (Thong 1999). Compeau and Higgins (1995) define computer self-efficacy as a judgement of ones capability to utilization a computer. Small businesses that have CEOs (typically the owner) that have undertaken computer training and possess computer self-efficacy are much likely to implement IT (Delone 1988, Raymond 1988). Co nversely, owner-managers pot inhibit distributively worthwhile IT achievements through hostility or detachment toward IT (Thatcher and Perrewe 2002).Characteristics of the Technological originationThe characteristics of the technological fundament itself are in addition an important determinant in the decision to adopt IT. Applying Rogers (1983) theory to the adoption of accounting bundle as the innovation, the software moldiness be perceived better than the predecessor system (most likely a manual accounting system) must be consonant with the needs of the adopter, such as capable of handling GST must be easy to learn and engross the results must be apparent and the accounting software should be available on a trial basis.oer the past decade, the advent of powerful, lowly cost micro-computers coupled with user-friendly accounting software, have improved and lifted the barriers to IT innovation adoption. This has led to an incr hush up in the adoption of IT by small business (Thong 1999).Characteristics of the OrganizationThe characteristics of the organization are early(a) variables that influences the decision whether to adopt IT. Organizational characteristics such as business size, employees level of IT knowledge, industry sector, business location, and information-intensity has been analysed in previous research studies (See for arche character references snitch 1999 Burgess 1998 Wenzler 1996 Attewell 1992 Yap 1990 and Delone 1988). Generally, the larger the effect of employees, the greater the sales turnover, the more information-intensive the industry the more likely a small business will adopt IT innovation.Moreover, businesses tend to suffer option poverty (Thong 1999) in cost of financial capacity, available epoch and IT skilled staff to assuage innovation adoption.Characteristics of the EnvironmentThe characteristics of the environment in which the organisation operates relates to variables such as disputation and immaterial agen ts. For example, Link and Bozeman (2001) established that competition leads to innovative technology adoption. Treadgolds (1990) training indicated that small businesses with high IT adoption rates had been influenced by external agents such as trade associations, wholesalers, voluntary groups and franchisors. Wenzler (1996) found that small business customers were a signifi sesst reason for implementing IT, more so than the influence of competitors.This paper broaden the external agent influence to the role of accountants in the decision to adopt accounting software. Many small businesses are impeded by resource poverty, consequently the owner-manager does not have the available time or notes to source, analyze, review and implement software applications. Public Practice Accountants are in a unique position to provide systems analysis, design, implementation and support advice to their clients, thereby spreading the cost of acquiring this expertise among multiple customers. The accountant, therefore, could generally provide this service more efficiently and effectively, than if the small business owner performed the croak himself or herself.Furthermore, at the time of this study, the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) was an external influence on small business owner-managers decisions to adopt a CAS (see for example Lief 2000).Motivating factors for the adoption of bill software 2The advent of powerful, low cost microcomputers, together with user-friendly accounting software, has allowed a greater number of business to implement IT in recent years (Raymond and Bergeron 1992). The need to facilitate financial focusing is another motivating factor for adopting accounting software (McMahon and Holmes 1991 Gorton 1999). Moreover, almost researchers have identified a link between the use of CAS and enhanced business performance (see Gorton 1999 Smith 1999 and Reid and Smith 2002). An substitute(a) view is that a growing SME faces increased financialchallenges and consequently there is a greater need for careful attention to financial management and financial describe (McMahon 2001).The major(ip) bene rifles of implementing a CAS are to increase business force and to facilitate timely information (Burgess 1997). The impediments to implementing a CAS are lack of time (Proudlock et al. 1999), owner-managers view that the CAS is costly (Head 2000), sensing that the technology is not suited to the temperament of the business (ABS 2000), and lack of IT expertise (ABS 2000 Burgess 1997).Accounting information systems engine room 3Input The input devices that needed win Accounting information systems let instandard personal computers or workstations cart track applicationss postning devices for standardized data entryelectronic conference devices for electronic data interchange (EDI) ande-commerce. impact Basic treat is achieved through computer systems in the personal computers to large-scale enterprise servers. Howe ver, touch model is still the double-entry accounting system . issue Output devices used includecomputer displays,impact and nonimpact printers,electronic communication devices for EDI and e-commerce.The output can be financial reports from budgets and measure reports to multinational financial statements.Uses of AIS 3AISs cover all business functions from backbone accounting transaction processing systems to sophisticated financial management planning and processing systems.Financial reporting starts by capture important business transactions such as normal production, purchasing, and selling activities then these transactions are classified and summarized for intrinsic decision making and for external financial reporting.Cost accounting systems are used in manufacturing and service party. This accounting system will attention these organizations to track (measure) the costs for the production of goods and/or performance of services. In addition,it can provide advanced analyse s tracking the cost of product or service. foc development accounting systems are used for planning, monitoring, and control for a variety of activities . This allows managerial-level employees to have access to advanced reporting and statistical analysis. The systems can be used to gather information, to develop various scenarios, and to choose an optimal answer among alternative scenariosDevelopment 3The development of AIS includes five basic phases the time period associated with each of these phases can be as short as a hardly a(prenominal) weeks or as long as several years. This five phases include signifier 1 planning In this phase the entails determination of the eye socket and objectives of the project, the definition of project responsibilities, control aimments, project phases, project budgets, and project deliverables.Phase 2 analysis This phase is used to both determine and inscription the accounting and business processes used by the organization. It include three type of analysis which areData analysis is a thorough review of the accounting information that is currently being collected by an organization. up-to-date data are then compared to the data that the organization should be using for managerial purposes.Decision analysis is a thorough review of the decisions a manager is responsible for making. Then models are created to support the manager in gathering financial and related information to develop and design alternatives, and to make actionable choices.Process analysis is a thorough review of the organizations business processes. These processes can then be modified or reengineered to improve the organizations trading operations in terms of lowering cost, up(p) service, improving look, or improving management information.Phase 3 design The design phase takes the abstract results of the analysis phase then develops and involves the detailed design of all inputs, processing, storage, and outputs of the proposed accounting system.I nputs may be defined using screen layout tools and application generators. bear upon can be shown through the use of flowcharts or business process maps that define the system logic, operations, and work flow.Logical data storage designs are identified by modeling the relationships among the organizations resources, events, and agents through diagrams.Output designs are authenticated through the use of a variety of reporting tools such as report writers, data extraction tools, query tools, and on-line analytical processing tools.Phase 4 ImplementationThe implementation phase consists of dickens unproblematic parts construction and delivery.Construction includes the selection of hardware, software and vendors for the implementation grammatical construction and testing the network communication systems building and testing the databases writing and testing the new program modifications and installing and testing the total system from a technical standpoint.Delivery is the process of conducting terminal system and user bankers acceptance testing preparing the conversion plan installing the production database training the users and converting all operations to the new system.Phase 5 support This phase has two objectives.The send-off is to update and maintain the AIS. This includes fixing problems and updating the system for business and environmental changes. For example, changes in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) or tax laws great power necessitate changes to conversion or reference tables used for financial reporting.The second objective of support is to continue development by interminably improving the business through adjustments to the AIS caused by business and environmental changes. These changes might result in future problems, new opportunities, or management or governmental directives requiring additional system modifications.The Accounting information systems is very recyclable for companies and businesses in order to make th e accounting process easier by spacial computer program or other system . Accounting software, make it easier to accumulate financial data for use in taxes, payroll, and other clerking requirements.The step of the accounting system 4Step1 Recording ( recording expenses and profits that are very important to keep on file).Step2 Information processed for use (when processed, it is filed in the areas where it is most important).Sep3 Communication phase (common communications of this data will be used for payroll and tax purposes).In the first step all the data recorded in the accounting system in daily basis or minute by minute as sales, profits, expenses, and many other items will be used for future use in financial reports. Much of this data has to be kept on file for a number of years for example tax purpose.The succeeding(a) step that is taken is processing. In this stage most accounting software or programs, have different files and categories where records can be stored this f iling or storage can be done manually by the idiosyncratic or group of people who work on it and can also be set to do this automatically as information is entered into the system. veritable criteria can be set up in the program to allow the program to place files and data in the places or areas where it is supposed to go.The final step is the process of communicating the data in the area in which it should be communicated. First, and most importantly, tax records that are recorded and processed can be communicated at the time that filing taxes is done. Most corporations communicate there financial information on every quarter basis, other companies especially smaller businesses on an annual basis. In large corporations, like major retailers, there are a lot several smaller stores or branches of the company that must share information through accounting software or systems This information can help the company forecast sales, profits, loss, and a variety of other things. Many co rporations share this information on a daily, weekly, or quarterly basis. The process of communication is probably the most important stage of accounting information systems because this is the point where results are known and records will be put to use.Most of the businesses and corporations now use the accounting system and become galactic part of them. Using resources available through accounting information systems allows major corporations and small businesses to record transactions and other financial information for use in the future. Moreover that the use of the accounting system by this company can makethe process much smoother, save money for the business,and save a great deal of time.easy to file and send documents to the IRS or other interested individuals.no need to take paperwork or other materials to an accountant for tax and payroll purposes.Taking advantage of this type of system can provide many great benefits to a large or small business. Accounting is a very im portant part of running and maintaining a business and the success of a company will often heavily rely on the practices and procedures that are used in the clerking efforts of the company.The effectiveness of the computerized accounting 5(Markus- 1983) shown that successful implementation of accounting systems requires a fit between three factors 17. A fit must be achieved with dominant allele view in the organization or perception of the situation. Second, the accounting system must fit whenproblems are normally solved, i.e. the technology of the organization. Finally, the accounting system must fit with the culture, i.e. Systems will be useful when information provided by them is used effectively in decision-making process by users.(Otley-1980)20 argues that Accounting Systems are important parts of the fabric of organizational life and need to be evaluated in their wider managerial, organizational and environmental context. Therefore, the effectiveness of accounting information systems not only depends on the purposes of such systems but also depends on hazard factors of each organization.(Ives-1983)Accounting information systems are said to be effective when the information provided by them serves widely the requirements of the system users. Effective systems should systematically provide information which has potential effects on decision-making process 12.Accounting information usually is categorized under two groupsinformation that influences decision-making and mainly used for the purpose controlling the organization andinformation that facilitates decision(Huber-1990) 11 argues that, integration of accounting information systems leads to coordination in organization which, in turn, increases the quality of the decisions. (Cameron-1986 / Delone-1992) show that the effectiveness of accounting information systems depend upon the quality of the output of the information system that can satisfy the users needs 3,8.Generally, accounting information syste ms 1) provide financial reports on a daily and weekly basis and 2) provide useful information for monitoring decision-making process and performance of the organization. (Simon-1987) 22 in his study used the first part of the above statement as measure of control for management and the second part for evaluating the effectiveness of the accounting information systems via continuous monitoring.Accounting information system is a computer-based system that (Nicoloau-2000) 19 defines as a system that increases the control and enhances the corporation inside the organization. Management is engaged with different types of activities which require good quality and reliable information. They also need non-financial information such as production statistics, quality of production and so on. However,( Essex and Magal -1998 ) said that quality of information generated from AIS is very important for management 10.(Kim-1989) 13 argues that usage of AIS depends on the perception of the quality of information by the users. Generally the quality of information depends on reliability, form of reporting, timeliness and relevance to the decisions.(Doll and Torkzadeh-1988) 9 for studying the satisfaction of users use some concepts to measure the effectiveness of the accounting information systems. These concepts are information content, accuracy, format, ease of use and timeliness.

Chuck Jones, Producer, Director, Animator :: essays papers

cast Jones, Producer, Director, animator stray Jones was born on September 21, 1912. Jones entered the animation industry in 1932 as a cel washer at Ubbe Iwerks Studio after graduating from the Chouinard contrivance constitute (now California Institute of Arts). He joined the Leon Schlesinger Studio, later change to Warner Bros., as an animator in 1936. There, Jones was assigned to Tex Averys animation unit. In 1938, at the age of 25, he order his first animated get hold of The night Watchman. Jones remained at Warner Bros. animation until it closed in 1962, though he had a brief stint with Disney Studios in 1955 during a break at Warner Bros.In 1966, while heading up the animation division at MGM Studios, Jones directed one of the most memorable holiday television superfluouss forever produced, Dr Seuss How the Grinch take Christmas. First aired on Sunday, December 18, 1966, the half(a)- arcminute special was met with radiancy reviews from newspapers across the co untry and has since be add together one of the most erotic love holiday programs on television.Translating Dr. Seuss book into animation was non a well-to-do as it looks. With great persistency and a little charm, director and co-producer, spill Jones, had lastly convinced his old friend Ted Geisel (author of the book) to give him a gingersnap at How the Grinch steal Christmas. Ted and Chuck were always fans of each others work.Ted was backward to have anyone animate his books, so he wanted it make guardedly and well. Chuck Jones and Ted Geisel first met doing the Private Snafu cartoons almost a goof-up soldier made by Warner Bros. for the army between 1943 and 1945.When you read How The Grinch Stole Christmas, it takes about 10 minutes. Chuck Jones challenge was making those same rime couplets and drawings come alive for television. Jones worked hard to create the Grinch model based on Dr. Suess book.Geisel was not always entirely satisfied, plainly knew Chuck well exuberant to hope him with the portion design and the story to make an attractive half hour special.Making character animation without any CGI enhancements is an expensive offer, but Chuck insisted on doing it correctly and using the best animators, Maurice Noble, Auril and Richard Thompson, Hall Ashmead and Phil Roman. neat character animation costs $110,000 - $150,000 per minute, multiply that by 20 and you invite the cash involved.Chuck Jones, Producer, Director, Animator essays papersChuck Jones, Producer, Director, AnimatorChuck Jones was born on September 21, 1912. Jones entered the animation industry in 1932 as a cel washer at Ubbe Iwerks Studio after graduating from the Chouinard Art Institute (now California Institute of Arts). He joined the Leon Schlesinger Studio, later sold to Warner Bros., as an animator in 1936. There, Jones was assigned to Tex Averys animation unit. In 1938, at the age of 25, he directed his first animated film The Night Watchman. Jones re mained at Warner Bros. animation until it closed in 1962, though he had a brief stint with Disney Studios in 1955 during a break at Warner Bros.In 1966, while heading up the animation division at MGM Studios, Jones directed one of the most memorable holiday television specials ever produced, Dr Seuss How the Grinch Stole Christmas. First aired on Sunday, December 18, 1966, the half-hour special was met with glowing reviews from newspapers across the country and has since become one of the most beloved holiday programs on television.Translating Dr. Seuss book into animation was not a easy as it looks. With great persistency and a little charm, director and co-producer, Chuck Jones, had finally convinced his old friend Ted Geisel (author of the book) to give him a shot at How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Ted and Chuck were always fans of each others work.Ted was reluctant to have anyone animate his books, so he wanted it done carefully and well. Chuck Jones and Ted Geisel first met doing the Private Snafu cartoons about a goof-up soldier made by Warner Bros. for the army between 1943 and 1945.When you read How The Grinch Stole Christmas, it takes about 10 minutes. Chuck Jones challenge was making those same rhyming couplets and drawings come alive for television. Jones worked hard to create the Grinch model based on Dr. Suess book.Geisel was not always entirely satisfied, but knew Chuck well enough to trust him with the character design and the story to make an attractive half hour special.Making character animation without any CGI enhancements is an expensive offer, but Chuck insisted on doing it correctly and using the best animators, Maurice Noble, Auril and Richard Thompson, Hall Ashmead and Phil Roman.Good character animation costs $110,000 - $150,000 per minute, multiply that by 20 and you realize the money involved.

The Allegory of the Cave Essay -- Platos Republic

In Platos Republic, the great philosopher describes what is needed to achieve a perfect society. He addresses several subjects still debated in todays society, such as justice, gender roles, and the proper form of education. He discusses these issues through his main character, Socrates. Socrates, another(prenominal)(prenominal) well-known philosopher for his time, happens upon a group of men, and what begins as a modest question, leads into a series of debates, metaphors, and allegories. Perhaps the most discussed allegory in todays popular farming is the Allegory of the Cave. Over the past decade, several movies have mimicked the fantasy, the most lucrative being the Matrix Trilogy. But what makes this story so fascinating? with it, Plato attempts to map a mans journey through education. The map used is another metaphor the soak up. He explains the rewards for those who reach the slide by of the Line, and the significance of those who fall short. He also tries to answer the im portant question, how does a citys ruler view government activity and education, once he has reached true understanding? Platos fantasy begins in take for VII, 514a, with a dismal view of humanity, told by Socrates. He describes a human race in which people live in a cave from birth, neer seeing any sign of daylight. Theyre heads are bound to the wall in such a way that they cannot look at either place of them, nor behind them. The people are ignorant of all their surroundings provided for what is directly in front of them. Socrates goes on to describe a considerable fire behind the people, and behind the fire, a partial wall. On top of the wall stand several statues of people, animals, and other various objects. Out of galvanic pile from the bounded prisoners are another group of people who manipulate the ... ... of the Line Imagination, Belief, Thought, and Understanding. When he completes the Line, he becomes a philosopher-king, ruler over the city. The guardian thus re turns to the cave to help the others turn around and become amend. They perform this kind-heartedness because they strive for the benefit of the city, rather than themselves. In contrast, the prisoners who refuse to become educated must not participate in administration, because their motives are set on benefiting themselves instead of the people as a whole. Through these points, Plato explains the views of the philosopher-king. The ruler views politics as a privilege meant only to be experienced by the educated, and he views education as the ultimate goal in life sentence to achieve understanding of the world around him. Through these ideals, Plato believes that his ruler volition be able to properly lead his perfect Republic.

Canto 18 of The Inferno by Dante Alighieri Essay -- Dante Alighieri Th

Canto 18 of The Inferno by Dante Alighieri It was once said by wave Proust that We do not receive wisdom, we must discover it for ourselves, after a journey through with(predicate) the wilderness which no one else can pull for us, which no one can sp ar us. This journey through the wild to discover wisdom is exactly what transpires in The Inferno by Dante Alighieri. The Inferno is an epic metrical composition that is the low section of a three-part poem called The Divine Comedy. The Inferno is about the narrator, Dante, traveling through the layers of Hell and culture about the men and women in Hell, and ultimately why God is severe them there. One of the most representative parts of The Inferno as a whole is Canto 18. Canto 18 is the eighth circle of Hell called the Malebolge, which translated means Evil-Pouches. This is where frequent fraud is punished. The Canto begins with a very detailed description of the Malebolge. Dante then visits the first of ten pouches located in the eighth circle. The first pouch holds panders and seducers who are being beaten by horned demons. While watching the sinners in this pouch, Dante recognizes two men. Virgil, the famous poet and Dantes guide through Hell, then leads Dante into the mo pouch where Flatterers are immersed in excrement. Here, in the second pouch Dante over again recognizes two of the sinners, a man and woman, who are spending eternity cover in feces. Once Dante has seen the second pouch, Virgil leads him out because he has seen enough. Initially, after education Canto 18 for the first time, I was very much shocked at how Dante illustrates the entire scene. First, as I read about why the plenty Dante knew were in Hell, it really makes me think about ... ...e last insight Fowlie provides me with is more background information to the figures he uses in examples of the sins. Fowlie says that Dantes inclusion of Caccianemico is an utmost(prenominal) case of pand ering (120). Fowlie believes the main purpose Dante uses Caccianemico is because Caccianemico is from bologna, and he is lashing out against the city. Fowlie says Dante knows that bologna is full of the practice of pimping thus, Dante feels that Bologna is the perfect place for the sinner of pandering to prove from. I find this interesting because it is as if Dante has a grudge against Bologna and is attempting to ruin the citys name. Overall, Fowlies discussion on Canto 18 reveals many new ideas and thoughts that improve my knowledge and understanding of the entire poem. The framework stated in Fowlies discussion ultimately sheds new arc on my Canto 18.

A Land Rembered by Patrick D. Smith Essay -- essays research papers

The novel, A bolt down Remembered, is the epic saga of three generations of MacIveys. The novel begins with a set fire to back, from the last generation MacIvey, Sol. Sol was a real estate power in Miami and the surrounding areas. He has chosen to give up his carriage in Miami to hump his last hours in the confine in Punta Rassa , Florida the cabin his grandfather had built. Thus, the three generations of MacIveys in Florida ends.The first generation of MacIveys consisted of the father and husband, Tobias, the drive and wife, Emma, and their young son, Zech. The family had decided to escape the pressures of the Civil War in their primeval Georgia, and move to the scrub of Northern Florida. The MacIveys experience umteen troubles and learn many new things during their stay in the scrub, such as meeting Indians, that leave alone turn out to influence their life greatly. Other experiences included Tobias existence recruited by Marsh wholly Adler to drive cattle to the confed erate troops and withal being recruited to whirlybird trees to build walls of defense for the confederate forces. During the excursion to chop down trees, confederate deserters raided Emma and Zech and burned down their house. Tobias and Emma made the decision that the war was getting to close to the scrub, and that moving South would be a good idea. The MacIvey clan packed up their wagon and full pointed south along the St. commodes and Kissimmee rivers and settled in a hammock along the Kissimmee river.In Kissimmee is where Tobias begins his empire that turns the family into one of the wealthiest families in Florida. In the overwhelms of Florida, wild cows live and Tobias tries his best to capture these cows and make a drive, but without horses and dogs, Tobias makes itsy-bitsy headway in his project. In the woods one day, frying pan, a freed slave, was found. Skillet agreed to stay on with the MacIveys and help them start their empire. Dogs and a marshtackie were effron tery to the MacIveys by their Indian friends they helped in the scrub. The MacIveys now popped cows out of the swamp and their first drive to Punta Rassa ended in a disaster with all the cows being lost to a great flood. The determined MacIveys never looked back and gathered another heard and the whole clan pack the cows to Punta Rassa. In Punta Rassa, the cows were sold for fifteen dollars a head and the MacIvey empire begins. Also on this first trip, Hendry, the cattle buyer,... ... they too send remote experience the life of a Florida Cracker turned millionaire family of Florida.Throughout all three generations of MacIveys, all of the MacIvey men lose a woman who is so close to them and all of them realize once they are gone, that they didnt do enough for their loved one, when they easily could have. Tobias had three trunks full of Spanish gold, and all he did for Emma was buy her a cook stove. Zech had even more trunks of Spanish gold, and he never took Glenda on the trips to the far away places she wanted to go. Sol had a multimillion acre vegetable business and owned half of Miami, and he never married Bonnie, yet, when he lost her, he mixed-up her like his wife. I believe that Smith is trying to make us realize that you shouldnt take for granted what you have, when they do so very much for you. These lessons are ageless, and can be applied to todays conjunction as well as to the first ever society. A Land Remembered is a novel that truly is the epitome of a saga, that spans the trials and tribulations of three generations of the MacIvey family as they enter Florida as a family destined to start a violate life and die out as one of the wealthiest families in Florida.

Electronic Commerce Essay -- Ecommerce E-commerce

Electronic commerceOne of the fastest festering industries today is electronic commerce. Almost anything can be purchased, traded, or change all via the Internet. A person sitting in their living inhabit dressed in pajamas on a rainy Saturday morning in mid December can hookup to the internet and place their gaming on a new chess set for the holidays without ever cathode-ray oscilloscope foot in the department stores. They can pay for it with their credit cod through a secure transaction and have it delivered right to their threshold in a couple of days for less than they could get it retail. An clause by Jan Thomas said that the electronic commerce industry is well-fixed and that it has grown at an alarming rate of over 2000 percent since tolerate year. She continued to say that she predicts that it will continue to grow at an regular(a) faster rate, as more and more products become available online and that acquaintance of Internet commerce is really happening. (34)One of the major reasons that this industry is well-to-do is because purchasing over the Internet has been made very easy compared to the conventional way of shopping. Ordinarily a consumer will take the kids and pile in the family car and head to the local shopping mall. Once they get there they will find what they are looking for only to be told by the rude, pushy sales person that it is out of stock. After they get pushed into something other(a) than what they came for they will wait in a line similar to that of blank shell Mountain at Disney World....