Roles and Objectives of Financial Management Essay

Financial Management: Roles and Objectives | | | |1. Planning |Identify and Manage Risks | | | | |2. Organizing |Adequate supply of funds | | | | |3. Directing |Adequate returns to shareholders | |†¦show more content†¦Financial management has a role within the overall context of general management. The scope/elements of financial management are making investment, financial, dividend decision for an enterprise to survive. Finance is needed to promote or establish the enterprise, acquire fixed assets, make investigations such as market surveys. By developing product, keep men and machine at work encourages management to make progress and create values. The financial management is generally concerned with procurement, allocation and control of financial resources of an enterprise. These types of objectives are carried out within the United States financial system. The first object of financial management is to identify and manage risks. A finance manager has to make estimation with regards to capital requirements of the company. This will depend upon expected costs and profits and future programs and policies of a concern. Estimations have to be made in an adequate manner which increases earning capacity of enterprise. Second objective is to ensure regular and adequate supply of funds (Moyer, McGuigan, Rao Kretlow, 2012). Third objective is to ensure adequate returns to the shareholders which depend upon the earning capacity, market price of the share and expectations of the shareholders. The net profits decision has to be made by the finance manager and this can be done in two ways: Dividend declaration is identifying the rate of dividend andShow MoreRelatedRole Of Managerial And Managerial Accounting1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of managerial accounting has played a significant role in the success of businesses dating as far back as the 19th century. Service and production operations during the days of the industrial revolution were not nearly as sophisticated then as they are today. The current initial purpose of managerial accounting is comparable to its purpose throughout history. Managerial accounting has historically been u seful in assisting managers with the information they need to make important decisionsRead MoreFinance1352 Words   |  6 PagesNATURE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Q.1. A.1. Q.2. A.2. Q.3. A.3. Q.4. A.4. Define the scope of financial management. What role should the financial manager play in a modern enterprise? The scope of the financial management is to secure the capital needed by the enterprise, and employ it in production and marketing activities, in such a way that it can generate the sufficient returns on invested capital, with an intention to maximise the wealth of the owners. The financial managerRead MoreFederal Budgeting And Accounting Essay612 Words   |  3 PagesWhat roles do accountants play in managing government and not-for-profit organizations? According to Granof, â€Å"conventional, business-type management accounting focuses mainly on maximizing net inflow of cash. The aims of governments and not-for-profit organizations, of course, go well beyond maximizing cash flow† (Granof, 2013). Accountants in government and not-for-profit organizations can play several roles in the fiscal management of that organization. There are four roles in the management cycleRead MoreRoles Of The Event Management Industry1673 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction Events management is the creation of an event based on motives and objectives. The process, event planning requires various aspects such as logistic, schedule, budgeting†¦ .which all must be addressed by the event manager from the creation of an event to its implementation. To understand the process of planning in this industry, I have decided to look at two crucial roles the event manager must co-ordinate. First the marketing manager role, this person is in charge of developingRead MoreThe Role of Materials Management in the Financial Performance of a Manufacturing Organization Case Study: East African Breweries Limited1513 Words   |  7 PagesUGANDA MARTYRS UNIVERSITY The role of materials management in the financial performance of a manufacturing organization Case study: East African Breweries Limited SUBMITTED BY: SAMUEL KISUKI Jr REGISTRATION NUMBER: 2012-M101-10005 A research Proposal submitted to the Faculty of Business Administration and Management April 2013 Supervisor: Mrs. Lillian Walusimbi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the researcher will talk about the background to the study, statementRead MoreThe Management s Quantitative Expression Of Future Plans And Plays A Vital Role1474 Words   |  6 PagesBudget can be defined as the management’s quantitative expression of future plans and plays a vital role towards organizations today. Budgeting consists of the planning of various revenue producing and cost generating activities of an organization which are basically financial planning or planning for financial performance and the importance of budgeting can be portrayed by an old saying of, â€Å"Failing to plan, is like planning to fail†, (James 2015). There are four types of budgets which are appropriationRead MoreRole and Function of Rbi1438 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment No 1 Role and Function of RBI Introduction:- Reserve bank of India (RBI) is nation’s central bank. RBI began operation since 1935, and stood at the centre of India’s financial system, with a fundamental commitment to maintaining the nation’s monetary and financial stability. From ensuring stability of interest and exchange rates to providing liquidity and an adequate supply of currency and credit for the real sector; from ensuring bank penetration and safety of depositors’ funds to promotingRead MoreRole of the Financial Manager1139 Words   |  5 PagesRole of the Financial Manager Paper Introduction Shareholders own companies and are therefore entitled to a return on their investments when the companies are performing well. It becomes the financial managers role to ensure that shareholders are receiving a maximum return on their investment. This project will concentrate on defining the different roles and objectives of financial managers in their attempt to maximize shareholder value. Furthermore, the viewpoint of stockholders will alsoRead MoreFin 370 Syllabus Essay examples1359 Words   |  6 PagesPhoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course introduces the student to the essential elements of finance for business. Emphasis is placed on financial management, financial markets, and the tools, techniques, and methodologies used in making financial decisions. Topics include: Financial planning, working capital management, capital budgeting, long-term financing, and international finance. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding andRead MoreThe Health Care Facilities And Organizations890 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizations are managed by health care managers such as administrators and executives who play important roles to make sure the facilities and organizations are free of fraud, strong business objectives and policies, and a strong financial operational and medical operation. Like any other company, the health care organizations face with health care fraud and medical errors. Therefore, the management and the internal auditing come together and share their knowledge and tools to assess and evaluate the

Analysis Of The Song Wicked Games - 1697 Words

Today, it seems as if men dominate the entertainment industry (mainly the singer/artist category) due to them not having as many expectations or requirements to be able to join it as women do. Since men are dominating the industry, it is more common to hear about their masculine identity and experiences throughout their songs. I chose the song Wicked Games by The Weeknd, which was released in 2012 through his first album, Trilogy. I thought it would be interesting to analyze a song that he wrote and produced before he became truly famous. It is common for artists to change the way they portray themselves (through songs) once fame hits, therefore the earlier the song was produced, the more genuine their lyrics will be. This song†¦show more content†¦Hegemonic masculinity is the societal norms that men are supposed to uphold and conform to. Men are viewed as the head of the household, the breadwinner, father figure, and anything that feeds into the concept of being a normative heterosexual male. They all enforce the image of a successful, independent, strong (etc.) man. Typically, all these norms are supposed to represent what a real man is. Based on all these norms that men are forced to live under, they create a hierarchy between masculinities. For example, a man that is a white, heterosexual, able-bodied man is considered to be more of a man than a Hispanic, heterosexual, disabled man. This is all due to their intersecting identities which give them the power to be considered a real man. When a man fails to obey the concepts of hegemonic masculinity, their manhood starts to get questioned. Society starts to question men that are not a part of the dominant intersecting inequalities (such as being a white, heterosexual man). They are viewed as not following the true concept of being a hegemonic masculinity, which is looked down upon in society. Throughout the song, Wicked Games, there are many examples of hegemonic masculinity, whether its subtle or upfront. In order for men to show their hegemonic masculinity, they need to be wage-earners of society. Look at all this cash†¦I emptied out my cards, too and (bring your body, baby) I could bring you fame represents how men are flaunting theirShow MoreRelatedThe Heroes of History and Poetry1086 Words   |  4 Pagescourage.† (Adler 195) Adler’s unique analysis of courage includes a depiction of tragic heroes and war heroes, which touched on each type of hero. Pop culture holds a wide variety of courageous examples. The Broadway Musical â€Å"Wicked† is a fictional preface of the well-known film â€Å"The Wizard of Oz.† The musical â€Å"Wicked† is based on the journey of Elpheba (The Wicked Witch of the West) to find who she is meant to be and the obstacles she faces in order to get there. The song ‘Defying Gravity’ is her epiphanyRead MoreAnalysis of The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot1571 Words   |  7 PagesLand†, this is indeed not the only beginning of the text. According to Bennett and Royle, â€Å"a literary text multiplies its beginning through the deployment of peritexts†, however, for argument’s sake, let the title be our point of departure for this analysis (5). In order to analyse â€Å"The Waste Land† we must look at Derrida’s essay â€Å"Structure, Sign, and Play†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in which he claims that the relationship between signifier and signified is not stabl e or fixed, which in turn causes there to be a certain freeplayRead MoreFeminism in The Wizard of Oz4177 Words   |  17 Pagesunusual characters, and a fantasy storyline made into a major motion picture. It has become almost iconoclastic in film history, shown regularly on network television and becoming a part of American cultural history. The song Somewhere Over the Rainbow, won an Oscar for best song, and has been recorded by hundreds of artists. In fact, for numerous critics, the movie is ranked among the top 10 movies of all times, and the Library of Congress names it the most watched film in history (The Wizard ofRead MoreOrigin And Themes Of Popular Soccer Chants2296 Words   |  10 PagesDevin Reddy USSO290Z: Soccer: The Global Game 20 November 2016 Origin and Themes of Popular Soccer Chants The lyrics â€Å"Walk on, Walk on, With hope in your hearts† are belted out by a sea of red as a Liverpool match is about to start. Even though the intonation of the singing might make a choral director cringe, there is no doubt that everyone wearing Liverpool’s red jersey knows every word to the song. Sung in unison, the undeniable passion of Liverpool’s fans is overwhelming, when they wear theirRead MoreThe Impact of Greek Mythology on Western Culture5592 Words   |  23 Pagesthe gods and the supreme ruler of people. He originally was a god of the sky. In time, the Greeks regarded him as the only god who concerned him-self with the whole universe. They also associated Zeus with justice and believed that he punished the wicked and rewarded the good. He belonged to the race of Titans, and was the son of Cronus and Rhea. After overthrowing Cronus, Zeus took his fathers place and ruled from Mount Olympus. He headed a family of twelve major gods, called the Olymp ians. Read MoreEssay Biography of T.S. Eliot4139 Words   |  17 PagesThis dissonance in tone serves to heighten the trepidation of the reader. It is similar to a horror movie: the viewer watches the â€Å"normal† scenes in the movie, waiting for something horrible to take place. Due the grim tone of the poem, the airy love song seems grossly misplaced. Eliot chooses this section of Wagner’s poem to illustrate that man has nothing to strive for. In Wagner’s work, this section is where Tristan lays dying, and instead of seeing Isolde only sees â€Å"waste and empty sea,† (AbramsRead MoreTurn Taking Mechanisms in Conversation Essay1968 Words   |  8 Pagesphenomenon is of interest to pragmaticians who, through the practise of conversational analysis have studied conversation on the micro-pragmatic level and have sought to theorise the mechanisms responsible. In order to study the turn taking system operating in conversation I transcribed three brief conversations from Big Brother 2 (Appendix). Big Brother is a popular ‘reality T.V’ game show where contestants are invited to live in a house for up to 8 weeks where they areRead MoreDescriptive Writing : New Vocabulary2398 Words   |  10 Pagestook as normal now and that he did not mind† (114). Demure (adjective): quiet and polite (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary) â€Å"Each of them wore the remains of a black cap and ages ago they had stood in two demure rows and their voices had been the song of angels† (139). Phosphorescence (noun): an enduring luminescence without sensible heat (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary) â€Å"The edge of the lagoon became a streak of phosphorescence which advanced minutely, as the great wave of the tide flowed† (162)Read MoreGlee Essay9324 Words   |  38 PagesTopic 2. ‘There is nothing ironic about show choir!’ - Rachel Cohen Is Rachel’s assessment of the musical performances on Glee correct? Discuss the interplay of melodrama, irony and intertextuality in Glee. Your essay should contain detailed analysis of at least two scenes from Glee’s 1st season. Your essay should also make reference to your core course readings on television and postmodernism. Due 14 September their true voice; and this one was, to me, ultimately about the series demonstratingRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesbattle the seven champions of the Argive army were matched against seven champions of the Theban forces. The two brothers, Polynices and Eteocles, were paired against each other and were killed when they met in combat. Afterwards the Chorus sings a song about victory and peace. It wishes that the memories of this battle would be wiped out of people’s minds and that thoughts of peace would reign once more over Thebes. The Chorus plans to indulge in â€Å"holy dances of delight† and visit every shrine to

Processes and Supply Chains Operations Management

Question: Discuss about the Processes and Supply Chains for Operations Management. Answer: Case study analysis of Ice Rink Is Ice Rink currently using sustainable measures in operational excellence? What are the sustainable measures Ice Rink should take in maintaining long term growth? What are the best practices that are considered as sustainable measures in the field of operational measurement? In todays world, every company is putting emphasis on maintaining sustainable strategies in every field of business operations. Being it marketing, sales or operations, sustainability is maintained. The current process used in Ice Rink is not at all eco-friendly. It hampers the Ozone layer of the atmosphere. Environment is polluted in a certain degree that is not considered as sustainable in the present field of work. The dimension of environmental footprint includes sustainable strategies related to supply chains (Krajewski et al. 2013). There are certain processes that are considered as best practices such as lean manufacturing, and six sigma. These environmental supply chain processes will help the company in defining sustainability in terms of economic and ecological factors. Ice Rink must use renewable sources of energy instead of non-renewable sources. It is seen that non-renewable sources are the main determinants of pollution. The company is facing challenges in changing the present methods of operational process. However, to sustain this in the long run, the best practices of supply chain along with use of renewable sources of energy must be used in order to reduce environmental impact. On successful implementation of the sustainable measures, it is necessary to measure the degree of effectiveness of those approaches at the organizational level (Hill and Hill 2012). References Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012.Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson.

Modern Organizations in Business †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Modern Organizations in Business. Answer: E-commerce Business Models and Concepts According to the researcher, e-commerce mainly defined as the detailed methodology that is mainly used by various modern organizations to obtain all business, customers and vendors requirements. Apart from that, other analysts also analyzed that e-business is one of the process that helps to conduct all types of business operations and all types of information with the help of different online mechanism. Barnes and Hunt (2013) also discussed that e-commerce business models mainly defined as the process with the help of which the business organization helps to make much amount of profits as well as good business turnover in the internet world. In the context of e-commerce, the business organization mainly leverages different characteristics as well as properties of the internet in all types of business operations that helps to expand the market values. Experts also mainly showed different business model which are characterized in different eight significant models that includes compet itive environment, organizational development, market strategy revenue model, market opportunity and value proposition. On the other hand, depending on the characteristics of the organizational value and business operation, the business models are get categorized in seven different models like B2B (Business-to-Business), B2C (Business-to-Consumer), C2B (Consumer-to-Business), C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) and also various different types. Furthermore, Campbell, Wells and Valacich (2013) also mentioned that different organization like flipkart uses numerous business models to control all their business operations. It also discussed the application of one e-commerce model in the business helps the organization to facilitate different opportunities for the business in order to increase all the market values that helps to gain the market values and different advantages. Some researcher analyzed that with the B2B model, the business organization can seek out all types of information to incr ease the organization sales from their frequent customers (Barnes and Hunt 2013). In addition, the market creators in different e-tailer services and social network services can implement the B2C model. Researcher also showed also present that Grainer mainly used the e-distribution model within their business operations by getting the help from different wholesale stores, MRO goods who sells goods to customers. On the other hand, the Business-to Business model mainly enables the process of direct commission fees and transaction fees with the help of e-commerce site that helps to create completion between different suppliers and vendors. Different business experts demonstrated that the e-commerce system maintain the potentiality of changing the industry structure as well as the environment of industry in which it mainly operates. Cheung and Yang (2016) discussed that the B2B model mainly helps to increase bargaining power of customer vice-versa decreases the bargaining power of vendors as well as reduce the threats of entrants of new business. It also discussed that B2B mainly helps to create the barriers to new entries in market and increases the rivalry between other existing customers in market place. The application of internet in business context reduces the exchange of information and transaction cost which mainly allows the business organization to invest more in different business operations as well as processes (Barnes and Hunt 2013). Apart from that different technologist mainly cited that the business organization employs themselves to the application of different strategies that also includes product differentiations, customer intimacy, scope definition as well as market competition with rivals. Building an E-commerce Presence: Web Sites, Mobile Sites, and Apps Researcher discussed that e-commerce is mainly essential for all types of organization which helps to increase the e-commerce presence of all the developed application, websites as well as mobile website to get the maximum number of targeted customer. According to Hoehle, Zhang and Venkatesh (2015), the organizations mainly needs to invest more in both the advertising and marketing of the business with the help of internet medium. Apart from that, the business also generated the significant value from sales, revenues as well as the transaction fees of advertising and subscription based on content patterns, buyers personals that also include blogs and face book, digital utilization and the demographic characteristics of customers. As per researchers, it is also essential for organization to analyze the strengths, weakness, threats that helps to develop the strategy to increase the online presence. Strauss (2016) discussed that application of SWOT analysis, mainly provides the systemat ic approach to identify the underlying challenges and opportunities in order to develop the business application or website. As per the experts, the application and website development of organization includes site design, identification of telecommunication services, defining the capabilities of organizational and human resources. Moreover, it also discussed also about 5 major modules for the implementation of system includes system design, system planning, implementation, development and testing phase. In the planning phase of system, it discussed about the organizational needs that helps to analyze both the objective and requirements of system Yumurtac?, Galipoglu and Kotzab (2015). Apart from that, all other capabilities as well as functionalities of the system are mainly developed depending on business objectives which mainly needs to get achieved throughout the developed system. In the design phase, all the system specifications, logical design and the physical design are main ly implemented in the blue print of the future implementation of the application (Hoehle, Zhang and Venkatesh 2015). Strauss (2016) also showed that the proper application of logical as well as physical design mainly assist to get successful implementation of the system by ensuring all types of different functionalities and objectives of the required website. Apart from that, the organization requires to decide whether to develop or outsource the system in the organization depending on employees expertise. It also includes both the testing and maintenance of application or website that become essential to ensure proper functionalities and operations of the system. Analyzer showed that there are three main factors for website optimization that comprises of the application of various page contents like HTML optimization, site architecture as well as image optimizations. Strauss (2016) pointed out that the technique like page delivery and page generation helps to enhance the threshold, bandwidth efficiency and the performance enhancement of developed website. Different e-commerce technologist illustra ted that application of Web Analytics 10 helps to manage and optimize the contents of organization and website. With the help of developed website, the business organization mainly provides the detailed functionalities including online shopping, processing of credit cards and allows the customers to check all related information concerning the service or product with the help of website. E-commerce Security and Payment Systems In the subject of E-commerce, Saidi (2015) discussed that the application of e-commerce website is mainly linked with different security concerns. The different e-commerce website as well as application mainly operates including different sensitive information and the customer data like names, phone numbers, payment numbers, e-mail address etc that readily increases both the safety issues and security concerns. Moreover, expert also showed that high term security is mainly obtained with the help of e-commerce website and application with the help of the implementation of different new technologies and different industrial standards (Chitura et al. 2015). It also identified that different business organizations mainly need to do the identification and evaluation of differences between applied and used technologies in website. In addition to that, server, the communication pipelines and the client outlined the unique vulnerabilities in different e-commerce websites. It mainly identifie d that all types of business organization needs to do proper identification and evaluation of the differences between used and applied technologies (Roy and Venkateswaran 2014). Now days in most of website and e-commerce application, payment becomes one of the significant issues to build the proper success of business. In addition to that, the security issues become one of the most important threat to transaction process component that is implemented in the website. Apart from that, some of the most important issues that mainly occurred through e-commerce website include worms, backdoors, ransom ware, Trojans, mal advertising etc. Chitura et al. (2015) discussed that hacking, data breaching and cyber sabotage figured the denial of access and lots of data losses in the website. One of the unique examples of data breaches is like Ashley Madison data breaches which occurred in the application and websites. Some of different types of fraud include pharming, spams, sniffing etc which occ ur significant attacks to the e-commerce website. In some cases, security of website and application single cannot offer considerable amount of security to data and information that are shared in website. Saidi (2015) based on the provided example mentioned that security threats mainly occurred due to one of the main reason of security lack age in all types electronic gadgets like smartphones, laptops that are mainly used to to access any particular website and application. The integration of encryption, hashtags and digital signatures helps in improving the security to the information communicated through the website. Apart from that, Roy and Venkateswaran (2014) discussed that it also identified that proper application of different risk management policies in organization to identify threats develops different mitigation solutions that helps to secure website and helps in developing strong firewall that helps to protect from different external attacks (Saidi 2015). The computers a nd mobiles can get secured by the application of different types of cryptographic techniques with the help of secured communication channels like VPNs, SSLs and Wi-Fi etc. E-commerce Marketing and Advertising Concepts De Mooij (2013) discussed that both e-commerce website and application is mainly considered as one of the unique as well as technological innovation which helps the business organization in terms of increasing the customer base and the improvement of market advantages. It also discussed about different business organizations that mainly engages in different types of marketing and advertising techniques that permit to increase the customer base and reach a considerable amount of customers in particular demographic characteristics. Apart from that, the customer behaviors are mainly taken account for advertising based on social, cultural and psychological characteristics of customers to develop the marketing communications. Apart from that, some of identified characteristics directly affect customer behavior in different online store as well as the buyers decision of customers. To enhance the purchasing process and buyers processes, all types of organization mainly incorporates the proc ess of alternative evaluation, requirement awareness, search engine optimization and purchase decision taken by customer for any particular products as well as service that are purchased and sold through e-commerce website. Apart from that, the business organization mainly needs to examine the customer buying pattern as well as identification of products that customer mainly prefer to buy from e-commerce websites. On other other hand, Strauss (2016) discussed that all types of business organization mainly needs to grow the confidence and trust in customer mind by developing a healthy buyer-seller relationship. It also discussed about informing of customers about different new products that mainly offers helps to increase the customer involvement with website. Some other techniques like optimization algorithms, optimization of search engine, Knowledge graph mainly helps to increase the website availability in Google search. To reach large potential customer base, the organization mai nly needs to engage in Video ads, Banner ads and different techniques of narrative advertising to attract more customers using the e-commerce website. Apart from that, it also discussed about three types of significant challenges based on traditional marketing that mainly includes anti-spam ware, ill-managed e-mails and spam e-mails by customers. The pricing strategy mainly used by organization that helps to gain the competitive advantages in market. Now days, the technique of price discrimination used by different organization allow all customers to visit numbers of e-commerce website as well as comparison among the products and services. The customer gets more willing to pay more for quality products sold by different organizations. Furthermore, Rastogi, E. and Khan (2015) also mentioned that providing customers with quality products in the reasonable price as well as providing of information to customers through efficient and reliable source helps to increase the website traffic and revenue. Social, Mobile, and Local Marketing To monitor and manage all functional and operational areas of e-commerce to ensure the impacts of different factors on business like mobile marketing, local marketing and social marketing are mainly regarded as essential factors. Inn (2016) discussed that different fundamental aspects of organization based on objective and scope are taken account to manage and evaluate all different types of feature of e-commerce website and applications. Moreover, the application of social and local marketing mainly helps to incorporate different business objective requirements as well as all types of functional requirements of business inside e-commerce strategies. Apart from that, the marketing concept ideally used in e-commerce includes the communication and engagement between different customers. Gatautis and Medziausiene (2014) discussed that with the help of social marketing, the organization mainly encourages all customers to maintain business as well as get engaged in conversation with the c ustomers and business. The amplification of the customer engagement is gained through the marketing and advertisement. The development of the strong community following the particular brand or product helps in enhancing the brand image and strength. Teng et al. (2014) mentioned that the marketing process of organization mainly comprised of six different steps. In first step, the business organization mainly acquire fan customer base, in second step, the business initiate the customer engagement with the help of advertising and marketing. The development of strong community chased the particular product and brand that helps to enhance the brand strength and image. According to Inn (2016), face book marketing is mainly considered as a most significant and effective marketing technique used by numerous organization to attain huge number of potential customers. Furthermore, the facebook-networking site improves and enlarges the customer density based on region. It also discussed that wi th the help of face book campaign the business organization can establish the brand image with the help of face book page. The brand image can be encouraged through the sharing of images, videos and posts about the products and services sold by the organization. Some of different analytics tools including Google analytics, HootSuite, Webtrends mainly enhances both monitoring and management of face book page to provide customized and customer-oriented products, website layout. The business organization cannot control the area for displaying the advertisement. In addition to that, the organization has no control over the embarrassing, inaccurate contents, comments and post shared by the user about the business or services. Furthermore, the organization should incorporate the location based services and marketing in the development of the business strategies. The basic face book feature including search option, timeline and news feed allows the customer to search for a particular produ ct or brand with ease. The brand image can be encouraged through the sharing of images, videos and posts about the products and services sold by the organization. Online Retail and Services Devlin (2013) mentioned that online retail service is one of the important effective solutions which mainly used to manage different e-commerce business processes within organizations. Apart from that, the retail e-commerce business is expands their business processes according to e-commerce website as well as social media network and the proceedings. On the other hand, it discussed about the inclusion of different developmental and significant aspects like strategic planning and trending goods to attract more number of customers based on their demands of functional choices. Different steps those are mainly helpful to acquire huge range of completive market place according to the goals and objectives. Based on all these aspects, there are seven different segments those are directly impacted to retail industry. Some of these are given below like durable goods, clothing etc. Apart from that, the vital vision in e-commerce retail mainly used to reduce the extra expenditure in the busine ss processes. All the reduction of expenditure mainly helps to reduce the cost usages that are mainly involved within the organizational structure and system architecture of organization. Online retail sector in the contemporary times are the smallest segment of the entire retail industry. This has only 6% of the considered retail industry. In spite of this smallest amount of involvement, the users are using this program for managing their system architecture and organizational processes for increasing their brand value. In addition to this, 75% of the business users are using this measure for accumulating their benefits for arranging funds from their competitive target market (Cheung et al., 2016). Most of the organizations are using Omni-channel e-commerce growth and integration is being used for managing growth of the social e-commerce processes and their functionalities. This is selected as rapidly growing mobile platform which manages effective consumer demands and needs with r espect to their functional needs and evolving technologies within the competitive target market. The online firms are being tested with respect to their viabilities within the considered competitive target market with respect to their functional demands and needs within the market segments (Verma, Sharma and Sheth 2016). Strategic analysis and financial analysis is considered as the main focus in managing significant development of e-commerce website development. References Chitura, T., Mupemhi, S., Dube, T. and Bolongkikit, J., 2015. Barriers to electronic commerce adoption in small and medium enterprises: A critical literature review.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2008. Roy, S. and Venkateswaran, P., 2014, March. Online payment system using steganography and visual cryptography. InElectrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS), 2014 IEEE Students' Conference on(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Saidi, E., 2015. Mobile opportunities, mobile problems: Assessing mobile commerce implementation issues in Malawi.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2009. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Rastogi, E. and Khan, M.S., 2015. An analytical study of online advertising and its co-relationship with green marketing for facilitating sustainable marketing effectiveness.IJAR,1(5), pp.182-184. Strauss, J., 2016.E-marketing. Routledge. Gatautis, R. and Medziausiene, A., 2014. Factors affecting social commerce acceptance in Lithuania.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,110, pp.1235-1242. Inn, O.G.P., 2016. Digital marketing.Omni. Teng, J., Zhang, B., Li, X., Bai, X. and Xuan, D., 2014. E-shadow: Lubricating social interaction using mobile phones.IEEE Transactions on Computers,63(6), pp.1422-1433. Hoehle, H., Zhang, X. and Venkatesh, V., 2015. An espoused cultural perspective to understand continued intention to use mobile applications: a four-country study of mobile social media application usability. European Journal of Information Systems, 24(3), pp.337-359. Strauss, J., 2016.E-marketing. Routledge. Yumurtac?, I.., Galipo?lu, E. and Kotzab, H., 2015, June. Social, Local and Mobile Commerce in Retailing: Insights from Germany and Turkey. InAnnual Macromarketing Conference(p. 400). Barnes, S. and Hunt, B. eds., 2013.E-commerce and v-business. Routledge. Campbell, D.E., Wells, J.D. and Valacich, J.S., 2013. Breaking the ice in B2C relationships: Understanding pre-adoption e-commerce attraction.Information Systems Research,24(2), pp.219-238. Cheung, M. and Yang, C.F., 2016, May. The e-commerce revolution: ensuring trust and consumer rights in China. InApplied System Innovation (ICASI), 2016 International Conference on(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Cheung, T., Wong, W.H., Wong, R.S. and Zhu, J., 2016. Does Online Group Buying Benefit or Destroy Retail Businesses?.International Journal of Business and Economics,15(1), p.1. Devlin, J.F., 2013. Adding value to retail financial services.International Journal of Bank Marketing. Verma, V., Sharma, D. and Sheth, J., 2016. Does relationship marketing matter in online retailing? A meta-analytic approach.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,44(2), pp.206-217.

Final Project Draft Childhood Obesity Essay Essay Example Essay Example

Final Project Draft: Childhood Obesity Essay Essay Example Paper Final Project Draft: Childhood Obesity Essay Introduction Turning up as a kid and stripling in the United States is met with many obstructions including exposure to domestic force. proper instruction. deficiency of proper nutrition and other socioeconomic issues within the household unit. One peculiar issue that has begun to turn is childhood fleshiness which can take to many wellness and societal issues that carry on into maturity. This epidemic stems partly from genetic sciences but largely from a combination of things like a deficiency of tools to educate parents and kids on healthier life picks. As this issue reaches a critical point. alterations are being set in gesture to battle its cause and overall affect. While childhood fleshiness is non an issue for some parents. they should educate themselves in order to help their kids in doing healthier determinations sing nutrient and physical activity. Final Project Draft: Childhood Obesity Essay Body Paragraphs Making these necessary alterations can potentially better the child’s mental and emotional wellness and removes certain medical jobs later in life ensuing in a healthier grownup. Harmonizing to the Mayo Clinic. fleshiness is defined as holding an inordinate sum of organic structure fat over what is considered to be healthy. Determining whether a kid is corpulent is finding what is a normal weight for their tallness and weight. For kids and striplings. fleshiness is peculiarly troublesome non merely for their wellness now and in the hereafter but for their self-pride in their formative old ages. Self-esteem is so important to the development of a immature person’s head. organic structure and psyche. It is what helps them to go all-around and lending members of society. Children and striplings have different organic structure types at all phases of development. Just because a kid carries a few excess lbs does non intend they are in any danger of going corpulent or holding long-run wellness jobs. With certain ages come different types of developmental alterations. Some kids have larger organic structure frames that support more organic structure weight. Simply looking at a kid is non plenty to determine if there is a weight job. For illustration. during puberty adolescent kids do derive weight more quickly due to an inflow of endocrines. This type of weight addition is normal every bit long as the ratio of musculus. bone and organic structure fats are in proportion. Determining whether or non a kid has a healthy weight is every bit simple as ciphering organic structure mass index or BMI. Doctors frequently use this computation though it can be a small more complicated to find what is normal for a kid. Anyone with kids may remember frequent visits to the pediatrician early in the child’s life where the kid is measured for tallness and weight. These Numberss are so plotted on a growing chart to find what percentile that kid ranges within. BMI eq ual to or greater than the fifth percentile and less than the 85th percentile is considered a healthy weight for his or her age ( Unknown. 2012 ) . Anything above the 95th percentile is considered corpulent and at hazard for assorted health-related jobs. The norms for male childs and misss will differ based on the fact that they develop at different velocities particularly during pubescence. but it is really of import that parents do non leap to decision based on visual aspects and these Numberss entirely. One must besides see that an athletic kid or adolescent may hold more musculus mass which can besides increase BMI. The most common subscriber to childhood fleshiness is improper nutrition. nutrient picks. and excessively small physical activity. Less common but still a factor are some familial and hormonal upsets. Unfortunately many parents will utilize the cognition of these upsets to apologize a weight issue their kid might hold. In an age of engineering. kids and teens spend e xtra sum of clip sedentary playing picture games. watching telecasting. utilizing computing machines. and nomadic devices. Commercials on telecasting entice kids to eat fast nutrient and imbibe extremely caffeinated. sugary drinks. The picks being made are non in the involvement of the wellness of the kid. Most parents spend 40 hours or more at work. go forthing the kids entirely to fend for themselves which is when they make determinations on what to eat. imbibe and make to entertain themselves. Family history besides presents a hazard factor for childhood fleshiness. One might presume that a household with several or more fleshy household member will hold kids in an environment where high-calorie nutrient and drink is ever readily available. In these types of families. physical activity is non stressed nor is it encouraged. Some households besides unwittingly teach their kids to be â€Å"emotional feeders. † The household that relies on the convenience of speedy cookery rep asts is besides at hazard for fleshy kids because of high Calorie content. Certain socioeconomic factors cause households to trust on these types of nutrients because it is all they can afford. With childhood fleshiness comes many complications that can impact a child’s physical. emotional and societal wellbeing. One of the more well-known physical complications is Type 2 diabetes which affects the manner a kid metabolizes sugar. Normally a simple alteration in diet and exercising can maintain a kid from enduring this chronic upset. A parent may detect that their fleshy kid seems to be traveling into pubescence Oklahoman than other kids which is besides another complication of fleshiness. Transporting around excess weight can do take a breathing jobs and issue with the development of the child’s lungs which can take to asthma or even sleep apnea ( unnatural external respiration during slumber ) . If a kid has a hapless diet. he or she may besides endure from high chole sterin and high blood force per unit area. These factors can finally take to a buildup of plaque in the arterias doing a shot or bosom onslaught later in life. These complications overall are known as â€Å"metabolic syndrome. † This is non a disease in itself but a bunch of jobs suffered at one time. Beyond the physical issues caused by fleshiness are the affairs of societal and emotional complications. Young person is hard under the best fortunes but contribute being overweight and a whole new host of issues present themselves. For illustration. school-age kids tend to badger their corpulence equals taking to farther intimidation and loss of self-pride. Harmonizing to research conducted by the Mayo Clinic overweight kids tend to hold more anxiousness and poorer societal accomplishments than kids with a normal weight. These kids may retreat into themselves or move out and interrupt their schoolrooms or households. Finally these issues can take to the more serious job of depr ession which is an overpowering feeling of unhappiness and hopelessness. If a parent suspects that their kid is enduring from depression. a physician should be instantly contacted and consulted. Parents play a really meaningful function in the causes and hazard factors for childhood fleshiness. They are the first to do the kid feel loved and in control of their ain organic structures. Sensitivity to a child’s emotional demands and feelings is really of import in assisting that kid develop into a healthy grownup. If a parent feels that his or her kid is at hazard for fleshiness. the issue needs to be addressed in a sort and considerate mode. Directness and openness are the best method and one can non be excessively critical or judgmental. Lifestyle alterations are hard for a kid to do so giving picks makes them more likely to lodge to something new. Praising a child’s attempt to alter will besides assist hike their self-esteem and maintain them traveling in a positive w ay. Some medical issues are brought on by heredity which is to state that people are merely â€Å"born with them. † but in the instance of childhood fleshiness. it is a wholly preventable job. As with most issues that affect kids and adolescents. place is the first line of defence against future jobs. Educating parents and supplying them support is an first-class manner to guarantee that kids gain the proper direction on lifestyle and wellness picks. Most do non recognize that fleshiness is dearly-won to each province. Harmonizing to the National Conference of State Legislature. in 2003. one-year medical disbursals geared towards fleshiness and its effects were estimated at $ 75 billion dollars. Get downing in 2005. province legislative assembly became really active in sing plans and policies to turn to the epidemic. One of the most positive alterations to happen is schools supplying the nutritionary content of the nutrient on its bill of fare enabling pupils to do better pic ks during breakfast and tiffin. This is besides being done at concatenation eating houses countrywide. â€Å"Super sizing† was removed from all bill of fares and options for kids’ repasts are portion of this alteration every bit good. Even some convenience shop ironss banished their monolithic fountain drink cups to battle the fleshiness epidemic among kids every bit good as grownups. The conflict for the wellness of kids Begins with instruction and monitoring. If parents maintain an unfastened line of communicating with their kids. they will be privy to the issues impacting them. Childhood fleshiness is non merely a physical or medical issue. It affects the psychological and emotional wellbeing of the kid which follows them all throughout the remainder of their lives. Children need the best start possible so parents should ever retrieve to pay attending and lead by illustration. Mentions John. A. M. . Charles. J. G. . Stephen. R. D. . A ; Wang. P. ( 2012 ) . Race. ch ildhood insulin. childhood thermal consumption. and category 3 fleshiness at age 24: 14-year prospective survey of schoolgirls. Obesity. 20 ( 3 ) . 597-604. Department of the Interior: hypertext transfer protocol: //dx. Department of the Interior. org/10. 1038/oby. 2011. 126 Mooney. B. ( 2012 ) . Childhood fleshiness: clip to wake up to the facts. World Of Irish Nursing A ; Midwifery. 20 ( 7 ) . 41-42. Wojcicki. J. M. . A ; Heyman. M. B. ( 2012 ) . Reducing Childhood Obesity by Extinguishing 100 % Fruit Juice. American Journal Of Public Health. 102 ( 9 ) . 1630-1633. doi:10. 2105/ AJPH. 2012. 300719 Willis. T. A. . Potrata. B. B. . Hunt. C. C. . A ; J. ( 2012 ) . Training community practicians to work more efficaciously with parents to forestall childhood fleshiness: the impact of HENRY upon Children’s Centres and their staff. Journal Of Human Nutrition A ; Dietetics. 25 ( 5 ) . 460-468. doi:10. 1111/j. 1365-277X. 2012. 01247. ten We will write a custom essay sample on Final Project Draft: Childhood Obesity Essay Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Final Project Draft: Childhood Obesity Essay Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Final Project Draft: Childhood Obesity Essay Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

MCAT Scoring 101

MCAT Scoring 101 MCAT Score Frequently Asked Questions    MCAT scoring information will no doubt have you lying awake at night, worried that you may have missed something. Sometimes, you can get so worried about your score, that it prohibits you from doing your absolute best on the exam itself. Lets not go there, shall we? Heres MCAT Scoring 101. This article contains details about how your MCAT score works, so you dont divert any of those very important brain cells toward needless fretfulness. Trust me, youll have enough to worry about when it comes time to prepare for this bad boy! MCAT Scoring Basics When you get your MCAT score report back, youll see scores for the four multiple choice sections:  Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems,  Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems,  Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior, and  Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills  (CARS).  Ã‚   MCAT Score Report When you get your score report back, youll see your percentile ranks, confidence bands and score profiles. The percentile rank is merely how well youve done in comparison to others whove taken your exam. Youll see percentile ranks for every one of the four sections and your overall score. The confidence bands are visual clues to show the approximate area where your score lies, since the scores from the MCAT will never be perfectly precise (statistics rarely are). The confidence bands help discourage distinctions between test-takers with really similar scores. The score profiles show your weaknesses and strengths across all four sections.   MCAT Scoring Numbers Each one of the four sections can earn you between a 118 and a 132, making your highest possible cumulative score a 528 since the cumulative score is the sum of the four sections instead of an average. At press time, the national MCAT score average was a 500.   MCAT Raw to Scaled Scoring Your scores are based on the number of questions you answer correctly, but since you realize that you will be answering more than 15 questions per section, there is some score scaling involed. You are not penalized for incorrect or incomplete answers; only your accurate answers are counted.  The scaling system is not a constant thing, either, in order to account for different questions on different exams. A new raw to scaled score table is defined for each MCAT administration to provide for variances in testing questions. MCAT Scoring Retrieval So, how do you get your score report? In order to retrieve your MCAT scores, youll need to use the MCAT Testing History (THx) System on the AAMC website and will have to have an AAMC login user name and password. The THx is the online score release site that you use to view your scores and send them to different application services/schools. Your scores will be available about 30 – 35 days after you test, so keep that in mind when you register if youre pushing your application deadline! Current MCAT Score Release Dates Sending Your MCAT Scores Once you access your score report after logging in, click the link that reads â€Å"send all my scores.† On the next screen, you can scroll through different application services and schools to which youd like to submit your scores. Click the recipients youd like and then scroll to the bottom of the screen and hit Submit to send your scores. Since AAMC has a full disclosure policy, you may not send select scores to schools. If you choose to send, youll be sending every one of your MCAT scores from each test administration if youve tested more than once. More MCAT Scoring Information So, now you know the basics! If youd like more answers to all of your MCAT scoring questions, then take a peek at these MCAT Score FAQs to find out about things like what good MCAT scores look like based on the top 15 schools, average national MCAT scores, score percentiles and more!

Issues and their implications for AVE Practitioners Essay

Issues and their implications for AVE Practitioners - Essay Example The rather unexpected revelation indicates that there is indeed an insufficiency for the provision of decent adult and vocational education. To try to solve the issue, many countries responded by installing frameworks that will cater and monitor the ongoing education of adults that is suited to fill to the emerging needs of a rapidly diversifying global market. Policies concerning adult and vocational education are being made and they are hoped to address this issue. There is much fanfare generated by the survey and is leading to many changes or introduction of innovative ideas for AVE. In my chosen field of AVE education, the issue now is that how is my career be affected in light of the developments in social and economic scenes. To be sure, my field can surely be affected and it is in this matter that I try to examine in this paper. It is undeniable that AVE education is considering that most adults would like to achieve career mobility. It even becomes more important as intercultural interactions make the scene competitive as Australia open its doors to immigrants to ensure it has enough skilled workforce that its aging population can provide. Perhaps the foremost question now is how recent events can define or affect the future of Adult and Vocational Education program. Is there a need to be concerned with the trends in the teaching workforce condition in the local scene According to McKenna and Fitzpatrick in their 2004 paper "Building sustainable adult literacy provision", Australia has been characterized before by a minimal amount of opportunities for literacy instructors for professional development due to lack of clear training and career pathways. There was a lack of support and necessary information to determine the needs of literacy instructors in teaching adults. The situation has increasingly improved, however, as Australia made changes to address this issue. The enthusiasm that characterizes the development of the literacy programs by the Australian authorities is actually a recent development. According to McKenzie and Kirkpatrick (2004), Australia has been the one who lag the most in response to the results of the International Adult Literacy Survey while other countries have proactively formulated and enacted reforms. Curtain (2008) suggests that the reason for this may be due to inclination of the Australian government to a certain type of approach to innovation. According to Curtain (2008), there are two approaches that governments tend to follow in spurring innovation. The first one is founded in the principle that market competition and forces could generate innovative ideas on their own. On the other end of the spectrum is the approach that operates in the principle that enterprise rarely innovates alone and the government should proactively formulate a national innovation system. In this approach, a network is established betwee n skilled personnel, government research and enterprises. Curtain, in his paper, argues that Australia tends to use the first approach. While other countries such as Finland and Singapore have developed from a humbling beginning, Australia had been left behind. Having this in mind, Australian authorities have stepped up efforts to improve literacy rates. Efforts to provide a federally recognized

Merging and Clashing Cultures, & Defending Human Rights Essay

Merging and Clashing Cultures, & Defending Human Rights - Essay Example For example â€Å"Have a Coke and Smile† and then the latest â€Å"Open Happiness† with which people all across the world can relate to, but the campaign â€Å"Coke is it† is restricted to shores of the United States only. Moreira very logically elucidates this saying that although Coke is a host in America, yet â€Å"Coke is a guest, not the host, in most countries† and this could campaign would be rejected by an international audience. Marketing Strategies Applied by Coca-Cola It is very true that the trademark of Coca-Cola identifies itself with a positive tone of advertising. This can be further explicated as a technique in world marketing. The name Coca-Cola is found to be comparative with happiness of all kinds. This why one can find the trade name to be correlated with festivities, major sporting events like the World Cup, stadiums, and posters that represent light spirited frivolities. It is believed that the company intentionally associates itself with all these values of life that can create an atmosphere of joviality. This is deliberately done to increase a positive consciousness among the common masses. Coca-Cola: Relating Itself with the Customers It has been observed that Coca-Cola works on the positive psychology of the masses. People can relate to the optimism that it projects as a brand. People who are pent up with their ordinary lives can feel a sudden freshness by procuring a Coke. A typical example of this is a working executive, confined to his or her cubicle or even a laborer working in a factory find it to be a refreshing drink. What this means is that all humans think alike, there is no basic difference between them as the emotion remains to be the same and this is exactly what Coca-Cola aims to accomplish. In simple words this creates a desire which Coke tries to charm by fascinating all and sundry irrespective of their social backgrounds. Coca-Cola: In American Culture The fact that the marketing tactics of Coca-Cola is based on ubiquity is quite interesting in itself. This can be further justified by this piece of information that it has merged with the country’s culture it has visited into. In short it has become a part of the major culture wherever it has marketed itself. It is like the very instance of ‘El Kiosko Budweiser’ show in Puerto Rico that Arlene Davila points out. She finds that people think â€Å"locally produced shows are reflections of the local culture.† Hence the Puerto Ricans have acknowledged â€Å"Budweiser beer as a local product† (Davila, 2004). Likewise Coca-Cola has been mingled with mainstream cultures like in Taiwan they have chosen one their best as a brand ambassador. The Wang Lee Hom who is admired by all in Taiwan, sings the jingle of Coca-Cola with a Taiwanese melody. That is Coke does not act like the oppressive colonizer. Much to the contrary it has mingled itself with the larger cultures of the world. This has one mo re string attached to it that of the company’s regard for music. It comprehends world music as part of their marketing strategy for sure. Coca-Cola in Indian Culture In India Coca-Cola has to cope with a number of things. The new â€Å"Indian consumer† had a different taste. This consumer did not want to be fooled by a foreign company. This nouveau generation of consumer preferred Indian products over

EMBA 560 Executive Position week 2 exercise 2 Research Paper - 1

EMBA 560 Executive Position week 2 exercise 2 - Research Paper Example He/she also must possess honesty, integrity, character, trustworthiness, and all the personal virtues I would need my VP to have to be able to command the respect of others and for me to repose trust in him/her. Having made this wish list, I shall then analyze the needs of the organization. Where is the organization at this time? What are the more serious challenges that it faces now, and will face in the medium to long-term? How about the engineering department itself, what are its current and medium to long-term requirements? Some organizations have problems dealing with revenues; that is a marketing problem. Others have challenges in controlling costs; that is an operations problem. Still other may have union issues or skills obsolescence, or demotivation; these are HR problems. Several of these may occur simultaneously, so it will be necessary to prioritize and rank them in order of importance to the firm. It is only at this point that one may begin to consider the candidates. Do they all possess the basic attributes? If so, how does hiring each one match the organization’s needs? For instance, if motivation is an issue, prefer to hire from within, and maybe prefer seniority, because the younger candidate can wait a few more years to be hired. To add inputs to my decision, I will probably invite each one of them to a cordial lunch to discover their own personal disposition and inclination about the position, without necessarily informing them that they are being considered. This may be unethical in the case of Ms Hernandez since she is still connected with the competitor, so in her case the fact finding may be done through a third person. In any case, it is important to know how each would feel about the position, particularly John Adams who is the successor apparent. In making my consideration, I should be aware that since John Adams is the one everyone

Popular Music Styles Influence On Musical Theatre Film Studies Essay

Popular Music Styles Influence On Musical Theatre Film Studies Essay The term Contemporary when applied to Musical Theatre is slightly misleading, seeing as the term can be applied to any art-form, when something new and different, something that pushes the boundaries of whats familiar, becomes the current vogue. The desire to create something new and to explore fresh pastures within a particular art-form is not a recent development, and can often be achieved society. In fact contemporary could cover the last 50 years in musical theatre as defined by its being influenced by popular music styles (and the number of revivals), ranging from Motown, Rock Country (The Wiz, Hair, Tommy) to Pop, Bollywood Jazz (Rent, Aida, Bombay Dreams). The successes of hit movie inspired musical comedies such as The Full Monty, The Producers, Thoroughly Modern Millie and Hairspray, have also seen audiences re-embrace a genre which towards the end of the last century was critically observed as being in decline. Whilst not specifically trending away from the successful, ep ic musical styles of Les Miserables, Miss Saigon and Phantom of the Opera, not the conceptual styles of, for example, Cats or Jerry Springer: The Opera, there was a breath of fresh air with productions such as Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita and Chess, while in the U.S.A, Sondheim continued to meld book, text and song in the various guises of Sweeney Todd, A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Forum, Assassins and DickTracy. Lets also not forget that Disney has been successfully transferred to the stage, e.g. The Lion King Beauty and the Beast. There are four main constituents of Musical Theatre, namely, Narrative, Dialogue, Songs Physicality, and in the last decade or so, there have been many examples, where experimentation within each of these four elements has led to unusually themed, bolder and sometimes more extreme storylines. Musically, you will find todays influences stray from accepted standards by making use of a more complex variety of instruments and melodies to back up the actors dialogue. Look to recent successes such as Avenue Q; Billy Elliot; Dirty rotten Scoundrels; Hairspray; The Full Monty; Parade; Spamalot; We Will Rock You and Wicked, to name but a few. However, change has not been restricted to what appears on stage in the performance, but has also occurred pre-production, in the concept, the strategy and planning stages of bringing an idea to fruition. Production teams, involved in major projects, and aiming for a Broadway or West End run, will look for substantial alliances through investment and corporate sponsorship, often requiring thousands and in some cases millions of dollars pounds-worth of funding. High-net worth investors (very often those with a passion for the genre), frequently referred to as business angels, have also been a significant growth factor so far this century. Many seasoned investors look for diversity in their portfolio, and without question there has been new investment in the Arts, with the UKs City investors having invested in a broad range of theatrical productions of which, musical theatre has been one major benefactor. It wasnt too long ago that encouraged y a strong rise in West End audiences, the atrical investment appeared less high risk than ever before. Figures in recent years had shown a rise this century, in attendances of 2-3% whilst box office receipts were up 3-4%. Even now, while its undoubtedly a more difficult time for the Arts, with the recession biting hard everywhere and the entertainment business seen as an easy target for expenditure cuts, it also holds true that good and enriching entertainment is for most people a satisfactory diversion from the problems of everyday life, and maybe for that reason alone it is worth the investment. Of course, its not quite that simple, with U.S. reports of only 20% of the shows produced on Broadway recouping their investment. That actually is no more risky than investing in any innovative start-up company, and there is the upside potential of course, with a very real possibility of absolutely huge rewards. Just consider those shrewd investors who funded such rewarding shows (performance finance wise) as Cats, Les Miserables , Mamma Mia, Avenue Q, We Will Rock You, Thoroughly Modern Millie, Billy Elliot and Wicked. Originally capitalized at $3.5 million, Avenue Q (2003) opened on Broadway to positive critical and audience response, before transferring uptown following a successful run at Off-Broadways Vineyard Theatre. What especially pleased the production team was that despite the time of year, it being the middle of the summer, they were able to introduce something quite unique to a new audience and not only please them but actively build and grow a much larger fan-base than had been thought possible with such an innovative product. Not only that, but the show managed to recoup its outlay within a sensational 10 months according to producer Jeffrey Seller. Inspired by the well-known American TV puppet series of Sesame Street, Avenue Q brought an entirely new concept of acting, dancing and singing through puppet characters, to the modern stage. It has been described as a coming-of-age story, which highlights the issues weve all had to face when entering adulthood. Whereas Sesame Street retains that more simplistic and happy-go-lucky view of a childs world through childlike eyes, Avenue Q characters are young adults, searching for their purpose in life and facing all the anxieties and problems of growing up in a modern society whose values have noticeably changed over the preceding decade. Another crucial factor in this production is the use of puppet characters (worked by humans) interacting alongside human characters as if they were of human-like intelligence. All the characters face real adult-themed problems which most of us will recognize, but probably consider much more relevant to todays stressful lifestyle as opposed to that of ours, 10-20 years ago; they all swear and curse; there is puppet nudity and puppet sex; with sub-plots of racism, pornography and homosexuality noticeable throughout the entire play. Adding to the dissident theme, Avenue Qs musicality is an unexpected mish mash of foot-tapping, bouncy, cheerful songs that have a childlike quality to them, but are in fact, a little near-the-knuckle, quite vulgar, but ever-so-clever comical comment contained within a tuneful setting. Such tongue-in-cheek, but obviously hilarious grown-ups songs like Everyones a little bit racist, The internet is for porn and You can be as loud as the hell you want when youre making love introduce the audience to the wickedly, warped world of Avenue Q. Its hip, current and very, very funny, meshing 70s style pop lyrics to the modern day characterization, and in doing so gives added depth to Qs funnier moment. Take the song The more you ruv someone, which on the face of it sounds more like a Sesame Street style song, but with the penning of more upbeat and modern lyrics by Joe Raposo, fits snugly into the more contemporary style of Q. At the other end of the scale, but of equal importance, is that off the main drag, the tendency has been to produce smaller, less expensive musicals, with fewer cast members or where sometimes the players take on more than one role, keeping costs efficient and all the more likely to produce a small profit, which in some areas of theatre, is a success in itself. Fundamental changes, both artistically and commercially, have occurred in public taste and the arts must adapt to these changes but also follow the money, and by doing so, survive and thrive. Yet despite all the current financial gloom, musical theatre continues to play a major role in the financial economics of theatrical cities, given what theatregoers spend at hotels, restaurants and stores, before even sitting down in their expensive seats to watch the show. It has actually been estimated that musicals may account for as much as 90% of theatre revenues. Although some critics have argued that this has tended to make mainstream Musical Theatre more of a tourist attraction, rather than an outlet for creative talent, another noticeable trend of the past few years has seen past success stories revisited and updated for the modern audience. Trusting to previous success underpinning the market, together with the inherent promise of built-in audiences, there have been several revivals of well-trodden and recognisable fare, such as Grease (last revived in 2007) or other proven material, particularly from successful films, such as Billy Elliot (stage version 2005) or from acknowledged literature such as Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West by Gregory Maguire. Wicked the Musical (2003), thought of as the prequel t the Wizard of Oz, is loosely based on Maguires novel (it also references several events form the 1939 film), and tells the story of Elphaba, the Wicked Witch of the West, and her troubled relationship with Glind a, the Good Witch of the North. Their friendship/enmity is brought into focus through their very different persona and opinions (Elphaba, born green and later a political rebel, has to contend with being an outsider in society, while Glinda, being blonde, receives all the accolades and benefits befitting her status) and as a theme, is continued throughout, especially via their competition over the same love-interest, namely Fiyero. The story examines the undercurrent of political intrigue, for example, How did Oz becomes such a confused and degenerate state?, It also examines the main characters reactions to the Wizards corrupt government, before finally highlighting Elphabas very public fall from grace. As previously indicated, many contemporary musicals attempt to tell a story through the musicality, making the song choice and lyrical content, highly important to the plot and to the attention of the audience. Indeed, Wicked uses its musicality as a means to communicate some of the deeper issues it brings up. The opening song, No one mourns the wicked, is absolutely integral to the plot, dramatically celebrating the death of Elphaba, and developing the ongoing theme of the play, that Things are not always what they seem, which the audience recognise and appreciate come the final curtain. It is also here that the story unfolds, flashing back to when Glinda recounts the circumstances of Elphabas birth and their time together at Shiz University. Early on there is a moment when Elphaba appears for the first time, when glinda and her white friends are all together, and Elphaba enters, green-skinned and obviously different. They all stop and stare at her for what seems ages, and suddenly we have that Black person in the South moment. Its a big moment, and although unexpected, it sets the tone of the show with its profound statement of a divisive code where race, colour social standing differences, despite our technical advancements, unfortunately still pervade society. When Elphabas power is pointed out as a potential ticket to see the Wizard himself, she sings The Wizard and I, hinting at her desire to be accepted, and be viewed as girl who wants to be seen for her soul, not for her colour. If the Wizard believes in her, then so must everyone else. Another big number, Something Bad (is happening in Oz) provides a political vehicle hinting at the nature of the Animal oppression, highlighting the interacting between the goat and Elphaba, both of whom are at the fringe of Oz society. The songs continue to relate to the story, and we see the Wizard falsely trying to gain Elphabas friendship with A sentimental man and Wonderful. Elphabas path is a difficult one, undeservedly ostracized by the citizens of Oz through March of the Witch Hunters, she finally gets to reflect on her relationship and mutual love of Glinda with For Good, before the mournful tones of the finale and a return to present day show us that all things are not what they seem. Ultimate ly it comes down to the choices of the two lead characters, but with their destinies fulfilled, also reveals that almost nothing in Oz is what it seems, with those considered to be good, having just possibly wicked tendencies, and perhaps more than a hint of some good in those deemed wicked. Yet another trend has been that of creating a storyline with the bare minimum of a plot, to fit a collection of songs that have already been hits. Following the success of Buddy The Buddy Holly Story, from 1989, there have been several successful Jukebox Musicals, as theyve come to be called, particularly We Will Rock You, which has enjoyed considerable success since it opened in 2002. Somewhat more plot-driven than its predecessors, a science fiction tale part inspired by the film The Matrix and in part a tribute to the band, rock group Queen. It is not in fact a biography of the bands history, but a cleverly conceived story, drawing on the content of some of Queens classic hits to provide the characters and plot to a futuristic landscape that to some degree has been shaped by modern society. The story begins 300 years in the future, with Earth renamed Planet Mall and with global corporations controlling and influencing the thoughts and opinions of the populace. The children and yo uth of this time have no effective minds of their own, for example, wearing the same clothes, listening to the same music and having the same thoughts and feelings. Rock music is unknown, but the hero and main protagonist Galileo, who hears odd words and rhythms in his head, refuses to conform, and sets about trying to change the World and being back real music. Galileo aided by Scaramouch (both are central characters of arguably Queens most successful song, Bohemian Rhapsody) fight against the machine that is conformity. They rally against oppression and along the way meet up with the Bohemians, a group of like-minded young people trying to reintroduce the art of playing musical instruments previously banned by the authorities. In their joint quests, they come up against the Killer Queen (a character derived from yet another great Queen song of the same name), the ruler of the Globalsoft Corporation under whose dominance the planet has been for many years. Both groups of youngsters are eventually able to celebrate the reason rock bands first came together, which was for love apparently, by singing yet another great Queen hit, Crazy Little Thing Called Love. The writers weave many of the bands hit songs into the storyline, and also reference many other popular songs of that time through an ever evolving dialogue. For example, several Beatles, Bowie and Rolling Stones hits have been included at different times, in different productions and in different locations to maintain freshness to each show. Quite a few musicals have also looked to the more epic or extravagant production as seen pree-2000 (for example, the 1980s success of Phantom of the Opera), by introducing stage musical adaptations such as The Lord of the Rings in 2007, billed as the biggest stage production in musical theatre history but despite its grandeur, yet to reap reasonable profits. Another less noticeable trend, particularly on Broadway, has been to present musicals uninterrupted by an intermission, with short running times of less than two hours. Although not strictly Musical Theatre, its interesting to note that another popular trend has been towards TV and Film musicals of a more diverse nature than the offerings of the Hollywood Musicals of the mid-20th century. Since the success of Evita in 1996, this new genre of musical has become an industry standard with further notable contributions such as, Moulin Rouge (2001), Chicago (2002), Phantom of the Opera (2004), Sweeney Todd (2007) and possibly the best of all, Mamma Mia (2008). Made for TV musical shows (particularly in the U.S.) have also proved extremely popular, as noted by recent successful transitions to the small screen for adaptations of South Pacific (2001), and The Music Man (2003) to name but a couple. Some TV shows have even gone so far as to having set episodes produced as a musical, e.g. Ally McBeal and Buffy the Vampire Slayer. There are even musicals being made for the internet now! Its probably fair to say, that the biggest trend of the last ten years, is that our latest generation of youngsters have developed an extreme fascination with Musical theatre. The accessibility of smaller, more provincial stages throughout the UK, the larger number of successful graduates in the general performing arts arena, and certainly for those prepared to work hard enough, the joy of performance, is encouraging a revival of dramatic song and, more interesting perhaps, its being performed with unbelievable quality. Its probably also true that the advent of Lloyd-Webber-driven reality television shows, which have thrown scores of potential Marias and Josephs into our living rooms has meant that people no longer need to remortgage their house, to sample what to some is still a once-a-year special trip to the theatre for their entertainment. There are already websites dedicated to 21st century Musical theatre, and we are only just finishing the first decade. The list of shows is surprisingly long. Despite the end of Cats, a major player in the triumphant story that is Musical theatre, a string of new, successful musicals has emerged, with Avenue Q, Wicked and We Will Rock You, to the forefront of them. They are every bit as popular as Lloyd Webbers classics and show that the future of Musical Theatre is in accomplished hands. All three storylines have veered away from the traditional, pre 21st century conception of family based, popcorn style musicals that everyone can sing along to, but may have no substantial plot. Todays writers look for more absorbing and controversial subject matter, as well as designing new works, will often look to contemporise significant event. Young performers are writing their own musicals, living and breathing the experience. Musical Theatre never went away, maybe just hibernated for a short time at the end of the last century, and is now being taken seriously as never before, becoming increasingly more popular, having thrown off the mantle of uncu ltured chart music as a preferred entertainment, and quite possibly the jewel in the crown of the entertainment industry. Modernist writers and producers have successfully drawn on the history of Musical theatre as a spectacle, and created stunning new attractions for larger contemporary audiences brought up on the traditions of jazz, funk, blues, swing, country and rock, producing such memorable global phenomenons, several as previously mentioned, including Les Miserables, Phantom of the Opera, Rent, The Lion King, Mamma Mia and The Producers. Taking elements of literature, opera, film and theatre and fusing this variety of styles and genres, compliments the current vogue of contemporary audiences wishing to embrace several types of culture. These plays are fine examples of what modern day audiences want to experience, covering the social and economic diversity of everyday life, but mingled with history, politics and war. In summary, contemporary musical theatre this decade is much broader in musical and vocal styles, and overall carries a stronger plot-line. The production can cover any genre from comedy to tragedy, and include real life, modern and often argumentative issues. The harmonies tend to mirror whats current in the musical world but not totally to the avoidance of previous styles. With the new breed of musical actors, emphasis has been placed on development of text and characters with the singing style more about understanding the context rather that the tone. Songs are readily influenced by new vogues, especially rap, fusion and rock, as well as classical. Investment and making a profit are now more essential to the core than ever, and the shows creators will consider whatever ways there are to increase the revenue, from writing songs that can be released as singles or albums, to endorsing the shows credibility by getting celebrities to appear in key roles. Vaudeville and post war Hollywo od styled productions were fine for then, but modern audiences demand something more for their expensively purchased stalls or circle seats.

The Atrocity of Saul Alinskys Utilitarian Approach to Communcation Ess

The Atrocity of Saul Alinsky's Utilitarian Approach to Communcation Jeremy Bentham, one of the founders of Utilitarianism, believed his philosophy could provide for the â€Å"greatest happiness of the greatest number of people†. However benign it may sound, at the heart of Utilitarianism is a cold, teleological process which reduces happiness to a mere commodity. It is even worse that Saul Alinsky would extend this philosophy to a point where the truth becomes relative, justice becomes a tool of those powerful enough to wield it, and any means are justified to reach one’s desired ends. Utilitarianism’s focus on outcomes inevitably leads to a lack of concern with the means used to accomplish a given outcome. This allows for a process in which the rules of conduct are vague, open to interpretation, and less important than one’s objective. This lack of absolute standards clearly violates several key standards of Martin Buber’s Dialogic values, which I believe are essential to ethical communication. These standards stress the importance of the authenticity and honesty of one’s me...

Electric Cars Are Going to Be the Future Essay

Nearly every household in America owns a gas powered vehicle, which pollutes our environment daily. Our society needs to consider furthering its knowledge and use of electric cars. Pollution of our environment must come to a halt in every situation possible in order to save the future of our atmosphere. I believe that the switch from gas-powered cars to electric cars is a very necessary and reasonable approach to save the environment. Several different car manufacturers have already began making efforts to adapt their vehicles to become more environmentally safe products. Although our country runs off oil and its proceeds, we can still attempt to make conversions that will lead to an overall positive impact on the United States. Making the switch to electric cars that run solely on renewable energy is a very wise economical and green decision. Our environment is long overdue for help in making it a better place for living in. The way we plan to make the environment better for living is by eliminating pollution altogether. The world annually emits approximately 8. 3 billion tons of carbon and about four billion tons will remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years. The switch to electric cars is an easy accomplishment because the technology is already at the tip of our hands. The United States will benefit a great deal after the switch from gasoline cars to electric cars is achieved. After learning the facts, the reasons are oblivious as to why electric cars are more efficient than hydrogen cars. The technology is already prepared for mass production. The negative environmental effects of production and driving the car are minimal. Manufacturers have already succeeded at innovating designs and specific features into the vehicles to assure the public’s satisfaction. With all of this in mind, it is vital to realize that the main goal of individual transportation is to enable people to get where they need to be when they need to be there. Ideally, there should be extremely limited environmental consequences when transporting in a perfect world, there would be none. Therefore, engineers and car manufacturers are not fixing the problem as a whole with their efforts to revolutionize automobiles, but every step forward counts. Instead of being content with the advancements, car manufacturers and engineers should continue to explore the world of environmentally safe opportunities to bring forward into the public eye. One of the most widely known alternatives to gasoline in America is hydrogen or biodiesel. Some might argue that hydrogen-powered or biodiesel-powered cars are more efficient than electric-powered cars, but they are not even close. Hydrogen cars are more expensive to fuel. The hydrogen car costs about three dollars per gallon, which totals around fifteen cents per mile, while the electric car pays in kilowatt-hours, which totals about two cents per mile. The average hydrogen car costs about one million dollars and the technology is just not there yet. It would cost excessively much to install hydrogen fueling stations and biodiesel pumps when it would be much easier and more reasonable to install a greater amount of electrical outlets across the world. Although, electric cars are more expensive to buy off the dealership lot they outperform the regular gasoline cars physically and economically. The electric car overall is cheaper to maintain, but unfortunately, after about ten years the lithium ion batteries start to drain out, but instead of buying a brand new car every so many years all you would have to do is replace the batteries. In the end, this will be a very good deal. The electric alternative technology is already here compared to other alternatives like ethanol, biodiesel, and hydrogen, yes, these are all great ideas, but the technology is just not readily available to us. Therefore, we should not even bother with these alternatives at all. Lastly, the gasoline cars that we use today waste power by constantly burning gas when the car is not in motion, whereas electric cars do not waste power when the car is not in motion.

Marijuana1 essays

Marijuana1 essays Drugs are a major influential force in our country today. The problem has gotten so out of hand that many options are being considered to control it or even solve it. Ending the drug war seems to be a bit impossible. The war on drugs seems to be accomplishing a lot but this is not true. Different options need to be considered. Legalization is an option that hasn't gotten a chance but should be given one. Although many people feel that legalizing marijuana would increase the amount of use, marijuana should be legalized because it will reduce the great amounts of money spent on enforcement and it will increase our country's revenue. There are also many benefits that can be uncovered to help people if legalization of marijuana is given a chance. Legalizing marijuana would increase our economy's revenue. During Prohibition alcohol use was still sold and used, but people were doing it illegally. The 21st amendment repealed prohibition and alcohol taxes were increased. The same thing should happen with drugs. Marijuana should be taxed heavily to increase our revenue. Marijuana and other drugs would be made by the same people who make aspirin so the quality would be assured, containing no poisons or adulterants. Sterile hypodermic needles will be readily available at corner drug stores. These could be taxed heavily because the users will be assured of "clean drugs." Making drugs legal will reduce the great amounts of money spent on enforcement every year. Drug dealers and users are one step ahead on the enforcement process. If one drug lord is caught, another one will show up somewhere else. We cannot win. "In 1987, 10 billion dollars were spent alone just on enforcing drug laws. Drugs accounted for about 40 percent of all felony indictments in the New York City courts in 1989. This figure is quadruple what it was in 1985. . Forty percent of the people in federal prison are drug law violators" (Long...

Illegal Aliens and Illegal Immigrants

Illegal Aliens and Illegal Immigrants Illegal Aliens and Illegal Immigrants Illegal Aliens and Illegal Immigrants By Maeve Maddox A reader asks for a discussion of the medias use of â€Å"illegal alien† to mean â€Å"illegal immigrant.† The Associated Press Stylebook recommends the phrase â€Å"illegal immigrant† in preference to â€Å"illegal alien.† The words alien and immigrant are not exactly interchangeable, but â€Å"immigrant† is perceived as having a more positive connotation than †alien.† An immigrant is a person who moves from one country to settle in another. An immigrant may or may not be a citizen. An alien is definitely not a citizen. The word alien entered English from Old French in the fourteenth century. As an adjective it meant â€Å"strange, foreign.† As a noun it meant â€Å"foreigner.† It’s from Latin alienus, â€Å"of or belonging to another.† As a modern legal term, the word alien refers to a person who is in a country, but not a resident of that country. There are two types of of alien: legal and illegal. A legal alien is a person who is in a country temporarily as a student or a tourist, or who has been granted permission to live in the country permanently without being a citizen. The latter kind of alien is called a resident alien. An illegal alien is present in a country without the country’s authorization. If the person intends harm, the term enemy alien may apply. The word immigrant is from the Latin verb imigrare â€Å"to remove, go into, move in.† It’s related to the word migration. An immigrant is a person who leaves one country to settle in another. Like aliens, immigrants are of two kinds: legal and illegal. The use of the word alien to refer to a foreigner in the United States is nothing new. One of the many U.S. laws enacted to control immigration between 1790 and the present is one called The Alien Contract Labor Law of 1885. The use of the word alien to mean â€Å"creature from another planet† had its origin in science-fiction writing and became current in the 1950s. A popular euphemism for illegal alien or illegal immigrant is â€Å"undocumented worker.† A negative term sometimes seen is illegal. The AP Stylebook rejects both terms. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"15 Great Word GamesAdvance vs. Advanced

The American Military Failure in Vietnam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The American Military Failure in Vietnam - Essay Example The fact that the United States never had a real sense of purpose in this war, and the fact that the Vietnamese were able to bog down the American military, are the key reasons why the Vietnamese were victorious in this conflict. The conflict, of course, began when the French decided to release their colonial claims to Vietnam. The French army was driven from Vietnam in 1954, resulting in the Geneva Peace Accords. This created a temporary partition of Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel, until 1956, when nationwide elections would be held. While the Communist powers in the Soviet Union and China did want the entire nation of Vietnam to become Communist, they predicted that the 1956 election would accomplish their aims without bringing the United States into the conflict (The Wars for Vietnam: 1945 to 1975). Rather than initiate another conflict similar to Korea, the American government began a concerted effort to win the political minds of those living to the south of the Communist zone. A major part of this effort was the creation of SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization). Initially, the American efforts were successful: the 1956 elections brought Ngo Dinh Diem, a firm opponent of Communism, to power in South Vietnam (Kaiser, p. 36). However, Diem claimed that the North Vietnamese were preparing to take the southern half of Vietnam by force, and the Americans began aiding his military maneuvers against the northern half in 1957. Diem used a variety of brutal internal measures in South Vietnam to quell the Communist insurgency, including Law 10/59, which permitted authorities to hold anyone who was suspected of being a Communist indefinitely, without bringing charges (Kaiser, p. 41). Over time, Diem became increasingly autocratic, which made him an increasingly difficult leader for the United States to support. In response, the Communist insurgency began to increase the amount of violence in its protests (The Wars for Vietnam: 1945 to 1975). The National Liberation Front was the official organization for those in South Vietnam who wanted to overthrow Diem's government. Created on December 20, 1960, the NLF had only one requirement for membership: applicants had to be opposed to Diem's rule. While the American government scorned the NLF as a mere puppet of the North Vietnamese Communist government, giving it the slur "Viet Cong," there are many who were inside and outside the NLF who claimed that the majority of its members were not Communists - thus showing how unpopular Diem had actually become (Kaiser, p. 44). President Kennedy's policy toward Diem was neither full assistance nor full rejection: the United States supplied advisers and equipment to the South Vietnamese government, but did not commit a large-scale complement of troops to assist Diem's military in its conflict against the NLF (The Wars for Vietnam: 1945 to 1975). This level of assistance was not sufficient to keep the South Vietnamese government stable. After Diem's brother led raids on the Buddhist pagodas throughout the country, claiming that the priests were harboring Communists, there were protests throughout the c

Liberalisation of Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Liberalisation of Financial Markets - Essay Example during the 1970s and 1980s and was characterised by the abolition of credit and interest rate ceilings, the abolition of controls on international movements of capital, as well as the abolition of regulations affecting a wide range of financial activities in a significant number of OECD countries. (Blundell-Wignall and Browne, 1991). One can observe from table 1 that most of the reforms took between the 1970s and 1990s and mainly involved the elimination of interest rate ceilings and credit limits. Banks were also given more freedom to engage in mortgages. Financial liberalisation has also been characterised by securitisation1. Financial liberalisation has been successful in that it has encouraged the formation of stock markets where they did not exist and has encouraged their deepening where they predated the reforms. (Grabel, 1995). For example, there has been an impressive expansion of stock markets in less developed countries (LDCs) following the adoption of financial liberalisation in these countries. ... -Implementation of the Second Banking Directive (89/646/EEC) into national law in 1993; -Separation of long-term and short-term credit institutions abolished in 1994. United Kingdom -Credit controls "the corset", eliminated in 1980; -Bank of England's minimum lending rate abolished in 1981; -Banks allowed to compete with building societies for having finance after 1981; -Building societies allowed to expand their lending business after 1986; -Withdrawal of guidelines on mortgage lending in 1986; -Securitisation introduced in 1987; -Implementation of the Second Banking Directive (89/646/EEC) into national law in 1993; Canada -Elimination of ceilings on interest rates on bank loans in 1967; -Restrictions on banks' involvement in mortgage financing abolished in 1967; -Banks allowed to have mortgage loan subsidiaries in 1980; -Securitisation in 1987. Source: Boone et al. (2001). One can observe from table 1 that most of the reforms took between the 1970s and 1990s and mainly involved the elimination of interest rate ceilings and credit limits. Banks were also given more freedom to engage in mortgages. Financial liberalisation has also been characterised by securitisation1. Financial liberalisation has been successful in that it has encouraged the formation of stock markets where they did not exist and has encouraged their deepening where they predated the reforms. (Grabel, 1995). For example, there has been an impressive expansion of stock markets in less developed countries (LDCs) following the adoption of financial liberalisation in these countries. For example, Grabel (1995) notes that LDC stock markets listed some 5,531 domestic companies and had a market capitalisation of US$86,125million and an annual trading volume of US$23,672million in 1980. By 1992, 36