The Rabbits, New Australians, and Romulus, My Father: Experiences of Immigrants

People experience a sense of belonging in varied and complex ways. How is this explored in the texts you have studied? In your response, refer closely to your prescribed text and to at least TWO other related texts of your own choosing. The migrant experience describes an individual’s change form one social context to another. Such a vast difference of results in a complicated confrontation of values. Hence a sense of belonging lies inherent in the individual’s ability to marry or reconcile identity with their social environment. Raimond Gaita’s semi-autobiographical memoir Romulus, My Father and the Australian’s feature article Alice Pung on New Australians both explore the difficulties faced when immigrating and how a new found sense of belonging occurs through a transformation of identity and values. John Marsden and Shawn Tan’s picture book The Rabbits use the graphical and written to demonstrate the loss of identity due to a loss of belonging that occurred in the white settlement of Australia. It is inherent in human nature to have a desire for belonging. This is evident in Romulus’ seeking out those of a similar history to him, namely Mitru and Hora, whose varied experience is more similar, his than Australians. In simple characteristics, such as a common language, they form a bond. â€Å"Having arrived at the camp [Romulus] set out to find those like him†. However having to work amongst and with the people of this new social context requires Romulus to confront the differences of values between him and that of Australia. Romulus has to compromise his ideals to that of Australia in order for Australia to accept him. He builds towards the Australian dream of owning a house and time to provide for Raimond the best. However Romulus also examples tat it is indeed a compromise not an assimilation of values. He finds the Australians to be â€Å"lazy† and â€Å"incompetent†. In embracing his won values of respect, honours and hard work, Romulus influences the Australian community he lives in where they come to affectionately call him Jack. Similarly, Pung’s article on her family’s migration from war torn Vietnam to Australia explorers the transformation of identity to achieve belonging. Her father fully embraces Australia ideals â€Å"to be like them ad survive† reading newpapers, having an opinion on Australian politics and opening a Retrovision franchise. She outlines the line between belonging and not belonging in the understanding of each other. â€Å"At first they stared with their eyes wide opened their mouths firmly shut. Now they laugh with their mouths wide open and their eyes firmly shut. † However, as Mitru and Christine show that an inability to marry both identity and community, Pung’s mother does the same. Never learning English or â€Å"embracing Australian society other than as a supermarket shopper† Pung’s mother becomes depressed and reclusive. The Rabbits describe the same destructive effect of not being able to reconcile identity and belonging together. The picture book reverses the situation to where the migrant rabbits assimilated their identity onto the culture, thus removing the identity of the native bilbies. Than contrasts the two cultures, in the brown and green colour of their land before the sterile white buildings of the rabbits. The bilbies gather throughout the book together, interacting each other compared to the uniformed rabbits, who are numbered and constantly demarcating, enclosing and tracing the land. Each component of the rabbits migration reflect destruction and conflict as represented by the giants machines that â€Å"eat up our grass† and the rams and sheep marked out. The bilbies are unable to reconcile their identity with the rabbits’ new society â€Å"They didn’t live in trees like us† and hence are decimated. â€Å"Who will save us form the rabbits? † An identity describes the context to which an individual belong to. In the migrant experience the individual’s ability to belong relies on the successfulness of their complicated marriages of ideals and values that vary for each individual.

Binge Drinking Among College Students

Joel Castaneda August 3, 2011 HSC 421 Prof. Garrido Binge Drinking Among College Students With extreme rates of binge drinking among young adults, college students continue to be a primary focus for a range of alcohol prevention efforts. The rates of binge drinking among college students is nearly double the rates for high school students, which may indicate that the college environment encourages high risk drinking. Many students view heavy drinking as a rite of passage that everyone must go through in life and be looked at as being â€Å"cool. Young adults aged 18-22 enrolled full-time in a college were more likely than their peers not enrolled full time to use alcohol, drink heavily, and binge drink (Cremeens, 1). Half of these binge drinkers who binge drink do so more than once a week. Binge drinking on college campuses has become a recognized activity to do being influences from either other college students or friends, followed by harmful effects on a student’s body eve n resulting death. Binge drinking results from a student's submission to peer pressure, the lack of outside control over the student, and the denial that drinking leads to severe consequences. Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more drinks in a row for women in about two hours. Many students participate in binge drinking to be socially accepted into a group, but other students find it difficult to make the choice to be the sober. Many binge drinkers realize that there is little immediate outside influence to push them away from the alcohol and they abuse their independence (Norman, 2011). Most binge drinkers do not consider themselves to be problem drinkers; which adds to the difficulty in solving this college epidemic. They associate binge drinking with a good time, but many are blind to the harm it causes, such as failing grades and unplanned sexual encounters which may lead to sexually transmitted diseases or unplanned pregnancies. Binge drinking has become an accepted part of the college experience for many students. Although there are other reasons a student may choose to binge drink, the influence of friends, the lack of outside control and the denial of drinking-related problems are the main forces driving the need to consume alcohol to the point of physical harm. The extreme denial that the alcohol can cause severe problems lies at the root of the college binge drinking crisis. Once students have an established binge drinking habit, they do not want to believe that something that helps them forget their responsibilities could be harmful. In many situations, binge drinking goes undetected because people believe if their friends are engaging in the same drinking habits, they must be acceptable. Women who regularly compare their drinking to men's drinking are more likely to underestimate the severity of their drinking. When young girls start drinking at such an early age, their brain starts developing and it interferes with their brain activation. This can become a problem because it might have negative impacts on concentration and can cause problems when driving, playing sports involving complex moves, using a map or remembering how to get somewhere. Since this has become such a problem on college campuses, many universities have implemented a variety of programs as a means to reduce heavy drinking to try and reduce the misperceptions of college drinking of students. The theory of Planned Behavior is utilized as a framework for predicting binge drinking among young college students. According to the TPB, the cause of this behavior is due to the individual’s intention to engage in the behavior which is determined by three constructs. First, is the individual’s attitude towards the behavior. Second is the individual’s perception of the social pressure from important others to perform or not perform the behavior. Third is the individual’s perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior, which is seen to cover the influence of both internal and external control factors (Norman, P. Conner, M. , 26). Constructs that make up the Theory of Planned Behavior are attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior. The Health Belied Model is another theoretical foundation for researching binge drinking. This model is a value-expectancy theory, meaning everyone has the desire to avoid an illness or get well and the belief that a specific behavior will prevent the illness from occurring. In relation to this study, a parent wants their child to avoid heavy drinking during their college years, and the belief that a parent has some influence on their child behavior to prevent heavy drinking (Cremeens, 3). Constructs that make up the Health Belief Model are perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. As a model of health behavior, the Transtheoretical Model potentially offers a mechanism to identify and describe processes that are purported to motivate, prepare and assist individuals in realizing behavior change. This model has also had a significant impact on the way the substance use disorders are understood and treated. It has also examined the extent to which the TTM stage paradigm offers an apt description of individuals with substance use problems, and their readiness to change their substance use problems, and their readiness to change their substance user behavior (Migneault, Adams, Read, 438). Constructs that make up the Transtheoretical Model are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Using the Transtheoretical Model, heavy drinkers might be asked if they are planning to reduce their drinking to a smaller amount within the next six months. Based on their responses they would be assigned to precontemplation, contemplation or preparation stages to see if they do have intent to change their behavior. This model is usually used for behaviors that can be changed in the long run and not immediately. In the other hand the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior is used for shorter amount of time. Along with, the Health belief Model is used as a framework to explore parent-child communication patterns among first-year college students as a mean of reducing heavy drinking (Cremeens, 4). Parents try to talk to their children and let them know what they might expect in college and be aware of the dangers behind it. For example, reminding them of a family member or a good friend of their dying in a car accident due to drunk driving. This will usually help students realize that driving while under the influence is not a fun thing to do. Compared to the other two models, the Theory of Planned Behavior is the only one that deals with the individual’s intention to engage in the behavior. Using the other two, someone else has to influence a person to stop drinking. The individual’s attitude is important, they know that drinking is bad for them so they want to stop drinking and stay sober or at least not drink as much. All three of the models have to do with the attitude being the strongest predictor of binge drinking intentions by not caring about what harm they can cause to their bodies when they drink. Lastly, models and theories discuss that excessive drinking for a long period of time, causes higher levels of temptation to drink and lower levels of confidence to stop drinking. Binge drinking is common and dangerous but is not a well-organized public health program. There are some recommendations that can be done to try and lower the number the number of young adults that perform this behavior. The U. S. Government can promote programs and policies that work to prevent binge drinking. They can also provide states and communities with information and tools to put into practice prevention strategies that work. Along with, they can evaluate programs and policy effectiveness that are already in place and track trends in binge drinking. States can review interventions that are known to work to reduce binge drinking adopted by local leaders. The state can also reduce alcohol marketing to the youth. Most importantly, they can grow partnerships between schools, community organizations, law enforcement, and public health agencies to reduce binge drinking. Furthermore, doctors, nurses, and other providers can choose not to binge drink themselves. They can screen patients for binge drinking and use behavioral counseling to reduce problem drinking. Lastly, they can support community efforts to reduce binge drinking by passing out flyers explaining the dangers and results of drinking. All people can choose not to binge drink themselves and help others not to do it. Not drinking and driving and if you plan on drinking take a sober designated driver. Choose not to drink if they teens, pregnant, or may become pregnant. Talking with a health care provider about their drinking behavior and requesting counseling if they drink too much can be recommended. Lastly, people can participate in community efforts to prevent underage and binge drinking (CDC, 2010). Deciding what role alcohol will play is a choice that every student must make. Having friends who drink, a lack of control from outside sources and the denial of the consequences of binging are not excuses for drinking excessively. Drinking with friends can seem more tempting than studying, feeling stressed out, bored or lonely, but as many students find out, the consequences are not worth the short-term relief. In reality, the emotional regret of an unplanned sexual encounter or failing grades outweighs any temporary negative feelings. Drinking as a result of any of these causes demonstrates a weakness in character and the inability to make educated decisions. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2010). Binge drinking: what can be done? Atlanta, GA: Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/vitalsigns/BingeDrinking/WhatCanBeDone. html Cremeens, J. L. , Usdan, S. L. , Brock-Martin, A. , Martin, R. J. , & Watkins, K. (2008). PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION TO REDUCE HEAVY ALCOHOL USE AMONG FIRST-YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS. College Student Journal, 42(1), 152-163. Migneault, J. P. , Adams, T. B. , & Read, J. P. (2005). Application of the transtheoretical model to substance abuse: historical development and future directions. Drug and Alcohol Review, doi: 10. 1080/09595230500290866 Norman, P. (2011). The theory of planned behavior and binge drinking among undergraduate students: Assessing the impact of habit strength. Addictive Behaviors, 36(5), 502-507. doi:10. 1016/j. addbeh. 2011. 01. 025 Norman, P. , & Conner, M. (2006). The theory of planned behavior and binge drinking: assesing the moderating role of past behavior withing the theory of planned behavior. British Journal of Health Psychology, (11), doi: 10. 1348/135910705X43741

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 165

Summary - Essay Example It is important to first understand the cause of the migration before attempting to provide a remedy. These causes, whatever they may be, can be termed as attractions. Thus, to counter this problem, it is required that better attractions be created in the country to lure people there. Take the analogy that the cities are magnets and people needles, to distribute people, it requires that stronger magnets than the cities be created. The country is associated with agricultural activities while the town with industrial activities. This has created a belief among people that there exists only two alternatives; the town and country. This is however, not true because a third alternative, that is a fusion of all the good qualities of town and country, exist and is the very solution that will pull people from the congested towns. Consider the town and country as two magnets each striving to attract people. Town has its advantages and disadvantages as does the country. Town-country is a marriage of the good qualities of town and country and thus does not have disadvantages. Town boasts better wages, comfortable homes, social amenities but with high rents and prices together with pollution. The country on the other hand is characterized by low rents, natural beauty and plentiful water but with a dull lifestyle, poor drainage and slum-like life where people huddle at one place leaving the rest deserted. Town and country need to be married to take advantage of their positive qualities. The combination enables the human society to be enjoyed together with beauty of nature. Town represents the society – man to man interaction through science, art and religion. Country represents God’s love for man – the source of life, the resource that drives industries and an inspiration for art and music. The fusion of town and country is therefore the main ingredient that will see rise of new hope, new life and new

Relationship between body image and self-esteem among adolescent girls Essay

Relationship between body image and self-esteem among adolescent girls - Essay Example This paper illustrates that lower levels of self-esteem and poor body image are clearly documented in the general literature as the significant cause of the concern among many adolescent girls. The first area of the review outlines the impact and emotional development of body image and self-esteem. The chapter then goes ahead to outline the immediate influence of family followed by an analysis of how the peers and the media impact self-esteem as well as body image. Importance of the article: Having a distorted body image among girls who are at the adolescent age have been linked to the advancement of dysfunctional eating pattern and disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa, Binge eating disorder or even Bulimia Nervosa. The self-esteem is so important factor; based on the research which shows that it is directly related to one’s personal image and how adolescent girls perceive themselves. It is quite clear and very necessary to know that, self-esteem corresponds with the emotional a s well, as the physical development, can directly affect an adolescent girl in either a positive or a negative way. Purpose of the study: The main purpose of the literature review is to determine whether a relationship exists between self-esteem and body image among adolescent girls. The self-esteem should never below for anyone who wishes to accept his or her self-personality, thus the study focuses on al the aspect which is deemed necessary for overcoming the challenge imposed by lack of this self-esteem and image. Procedures and steps: The study was based on the systematic approach, whereby different respondent was interviewed using both orally and written questioners, this facilitated the acquisition of information so efficiently and giving most accurate data that would be relayed upon in assessing the situation on the ground. Once the data was collected, it was critically analyzed to come up with the conclusion as well as the relevant recommendations. Important information is g iven more emphasis and much weight so as to avoid biases in coming up with the conclusion as well as the recommendation which shall be relied upon by the readers of the article. Participants: Considering the research conducted in schools as well as other social places, revealed a clear picture of how these two elements are affecting many teenagers both in their social and ordinary way of life. The study was conducted based on a random sampling to analyze the different perspectives as well as opinions that all these groups of personalities. As the estimate of 60% of the population visited was analyzed to determine the information necessary f r the research. For instance, the survey conducted Association of University Women showed that only 29% of the girls who were served did express self-satisfaction, while more than half of the boys did feel so good about themselves.

Question and answer WHO millennium developement goals Research Paper

Question and answer WHO millennium developement goals - Research Paper Example This will be achieved by reducing the number of people living below $1.25 dollars a day. The United Nations defines poverty as the situation where a person survives in less than one dollar in a day. This reduction will automatically translate to the reduction of the poverty gap among the people. Also, it targets at reducing the share of the poorest quintile in the national consumption. In the second objective, countries hope to achieve decent employment for women, men and the young people. This target is possible through increasingly employment rate of people, improving GDP Growth per every employed person, as well as increasing the proportion of family members who are actively employed. The final target is reducing by half the proportion of people suffering from hunger and hunger related conditions. The goal purposes at raising the prevalence of underweight children aged five years and below and the proportion of the population below minimum dietary levels required in energy consump tion. The goal was an ambitious plan for the entire world. Many people are suffering from hunger and poverty especially in the developing countries (Allam & Cleeve, 2004). While all nations pledged to implement this goal, the realities of achieving it remaining a pipe dream for many countries. The African and the Latin American countries are the most affected. Their progress of eradicating poverty is far from being real. According to Ogujiuba & Jumare (2012) many people in Africa die from hunger and poverty. The developed nations however portray a different scenario from the developing countries. Countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia among others are close to achieving this goal. To these countries, this goal is attainable. On the other hand, most of the countries of Africa and especially those of the Sub-Saharan Africa suffer from hunger. Even to this day, a year to 2015, they still rely on food relief provided by

COPD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

COPD - Essay Example Smoking is the most responsible for the COPD in human beings. 15 percent of smokers have been found to suffer from COPD, along with associated respiratory problems. Passive smoking has also been found to affect small children with respiratory problems, and infections. Lung diseases are often caused by air pollution that in many cases develops into COPD. Occupational pollutants like cadmium and silica create the risks of COPD, particularly in individuals who have the chances of intake of these pollutants. Deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is another major cause of COPD that reflects a hereditary problem in many individuals (Schiffman & Shiel, 2013). The process of the disease of COPD consists of three conditions within an individual. These are chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and emphysema. The flow of air gets obstructed and hence unable to pass through the airflows often making such obstruction permanent. If patients suffering from asthma are not treated, then such patients tend to have a rigid element of obstruction of the airways leading to COPD. In COPD the limitation in the flow of air is progressive in nature. Moreover it leads to irregular inflammatory reaction of the lungs to lethal particles or harmful gases. The abnormal responses of the inflammations occur â€Å"throughout the proximal and peripheral airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature† (O’Connell Smeltzer et al, 2010, p.602). Since the inflammation is chronic in nature and there is a tendency of the body to repair the process, hence the airways reflect alterations and narrowing in their features. As a result of this disease, there a re changes in the components of the lungs as well (O’Connell Smeltzer et al, 2010, p.602). Certain common treatments are available for COPD patients. With intentions to avert further worsening of the conditions of the lungs, to lessen the symptoms and their effects, and to improve the conditions

In Alice Walkers Everyday Use,----------The Seagull Reader Essay

In Alice Walkers Everyday Use,----------The Seagull Reader - Essay Example This story demonstrates that traditional people have the right to preserve their beliefs and practices without interference from modern-thinking individuals, because modernity and traditions are both valuable and no one is superior to another. Traditional people deserve the same respect and tolerance as modern-thinking individuals. Mama decides that the quilt belongs to Maggie, because they represent the African tradition of using quilts for their functional purposes. The quilt represents rural tradition that only Maggie understands and supports. The quilt has never fundamentally changed and has only expanded, as generations passed it from one family to another. Since Mama knows that Maggie will proudly continue this tradition, she asserts to Dee that Maggie deserves these quilts more than her. Dee reasons with her mother that: â€Å"[Maggie is] probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use† (Walker). She looks down on Maggie for being a rural woman with no education and â€Å"breeding.† She believes that by treating this quilt as an artifact, she provides a better use for her heritage. Mama, however, is tired of people belittling rural folk. She knows that the quilt belongs to Maggie, because unli ke Dee, Maggie will use it for everyday use. And that is what their tradition is for- to be lived each day of their lives. Modernity and traditions are both valuable to human identity. Mama and Maggie have not changed their traditional attitudes and lifestyles, while Dee completely chooses to change her identity, because she is ashamed of her rural background. Mama and Maggie live simple, rural lives. Mama milks cows, kills boars, and wears flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls throughout the day. Maggie helps her mother in their everyday farm and house chores. By describing how Mama and Maggie love their work, Walker argues that rural people are also happy and content with their lives. Dee is also pleased as a liberal woman. She is the kind of person, who:

With todays advances in the use of C.G.I. and digital imagery, will Essay

With todays advances in the use of C.G.I. and digital imagery, will the human actor eventually become obsolete - Essay Example a green grid and a few rudimentary objects; as he first enters the alternate universe represented by CGI animation, Homer Simpson says "this place looks expensive... I feel like Im wasting a fortune just standing here" (Treehouse of Horror VI). This was the attitude of many animators for years who struggled to advance their technology while battling financial constraints. In the last decade, however, great advancements have been made not only in the capabilities of computer graphic artists and software but in the ability of computers to animate more for less; it didn’t hurt that animation studios were granted larger budgets to explore CGI options. Feature films like the CGI breakout hit Toy Story paved the way for more investment in computer animation and now people in the film industry are beginning to wonder whether computer animation is destined to overtake the role of real, live actors. CGI is an acronym for computer generated imagery; this field encompasses many different specific computer graphics such as landscaping, people, animals, weather and other special effects (Pierson, 2002, 3). 3D computer graphics were primarily used for special effects in TV and movies before the trend of feature length computer animated films caught on, animators focused their efforts on creating new, and ultimately cheaper and less complicated, ways of dealing with onscreen special effects. Traditionally, special effects could include anything from a fire in a burning building to a full on explosion, or even the tricks of an illusionist which were too complicated to be performed in reality. With CGI animation, television and film producers can sidestep the often messy and unpredictable hazards of physical special effects and actually make the outcome closer to what they had envisioned to begin with. Specifically, special efforts on computer began to take the place of the creation of miniatures (used when large scale models are too cumbersome) and also to take the

Engineering management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Engineering management - Coursework Example All quality control and quality assurance affairs including ISO certification and auditing fall under the responsibility of Director Quality Assurance. The entire network of demand and supplies is handled by the logistics while accounts and related administration tasks fall under purview of the director administration. Crouch (2003) defined mission as organization’s statement of purpose and vision as organization’s statement of future position. The mission of the company is â€Å"Produce highly reliable aviation parts for its customers†. The company’s vision is â€Å"Be a leader in design, development and production of aviation parts†. The core values of the company include: According to Balthazard and Cooke (2004), organizational cultures have positive or negative effect on the efficiency of organization and employees. Handy (1976) identified four types of organizational cultures as: Power Culture. The type of culture largely depends on power and is determined by a key role figure (Struwig & Smith 2002). Here one or more individuals affect the working practices, management style and beliefs in the organization. Pretorius (2004) is of the view that many organizations exhibit power culture. Role Culture. The role culture is based on the job descriptions, rules, standard procedures and is bureaucratic in style. Pretorius (2004) describes such organization’s working characterized by rules, procedures and job descriptions. According to Bredenkamp (2002), managers would depend on procedures, existing systems and defined roles of communication for making decisions and conflict resolution. Task Culture. In this type of culture, organization is project orientated (Struwig & Smith, 2002). Pretorius (2004) refer such culture as a project management team where emphasis is on accomplishment of assign tasks and getting results. Person Culture. In this type of culture, an individual acts as the

International relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

International relations - Essay Example These agreements terminated the first crisis and it was covered by both international and United States based media footages including New Yorks Times, the NBC, and CBS among other United States based media institutions as well as the non US based media institutions including the BBC, the Hindustan Times (India), the East African Standard, and the Peoples Daily (China) among others. However, later, the North Korea resumed its nuclear program that was only to be discovered by the United States thereby leading to the second North Korea Nuclear crisis that all these media institutions also highlighted with a lot of concern. Nuclear weapons activities are matters of gravity of international concerns (Levs 01). Therefore, different media are trying to unearth all the activities and programs in different parts of the world especially in North Korea. Both the United states based media and non united states based media are equally concerned with the nuclear activities taking place in North Korea and other parts of the world including Iranian nuclear ambitions. According to the the Peoples Daily (China), the Iran government holds that its nuclear programs have no ill intentions, but are in place for the benefits of its civilians. Regardless of almost equal concern, the United States media groups including the New York Times the NBC, and CBS among others have often reported every inch of nuclear activities in North Korea and Iran will equal concerns (NBC News Staff and Wire Reports 01). It should be noted that the New York times and BBC are almost the first media groups that report all nuclear developments in North Korea. For instance, the New York Times reported that the North Korea has successfully tested â€Å"†¦ new higher level †¦ explosive power and technology of its control (Sang-Hun 01).† It is a fact that all the world superpowers are concerned with the nuclear activities in North Korea since its clear target is not yet established. According to

Was the Civil War Inevitable Essay Example for Free

Was the Civil War Inevitable Essay Was the Civil War inevitable? This was one of the most controversial arguments in American history. Personally, I think this war would happen sooner or later. The long-term cause was the different ideas on the slavery system between the North and the South. After the Confederates attacked Fort Sumter, the Civil War began. Slavery was the biggest problem between the North and the South. The economy in the south relied on agriculture. The owners of big plantations required thousands of slaves to work for them in order to earn profits. Oppositely, in the north, the industrial revolution began. Plenty of new factories were built and they needed lots of workers. At the same time, lots of immigrants from countries such as Germany, Britain and Ireland, came to the north. Almost all of them had the same purpose which was to achieve the â€Å"American Dream†. They believed that if they worked hard, they could be rich eventually. They strongly opposed the slavery system because almost of them were poor in their countries. They believed that everyone was born equal and people should be treated equally, too. As the population grew rapidly in the north, the situation in the House of Representatives changed as well. The South now had fewer representatives and fewer advantages. They were really horrified. There were several key events heated up the rivalry and led up to the Civil War, some of these were the Wilmot Proviso, Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott decision in the Supreme Court, John Brown at Harpers Ferry and the military action in Fort Sumter. â€Å"The Wilmot Proviso claimed that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory† (Remini, Page 127). Finally the Proviso was passed and southerners were angry about it. Later on, in Kansas, â€Å"violence erupted between free men and slaveholders that degenerated into a local civil war† (Remini, Page 137). It brought the tension between the North and the South into a higher level. Dred Scott, a black slave, sued for his freedom and citizenship. After that, what John Brown did really brought some kind of horror to southerners. â€Å"He led a raid that he hoped would ignite a slave insurrection† (Remini, Page 140). He seized the federal arsenal there and killed some southerners. The direct cause of the Civil War was the military action at Fort Sumter. President Lincoln decided to provision Fort Sumter in the Charleston harbor. Confederates attacked the fort and the Civil War began. In my opinion, the American Civil War was inevitable. The root cause was the existence of the slavery system. It  slowed down the industrial development of the North, but helped the plantation system in the South. Both sides argued whether slavery should be allowed in the new states or not. They had no way to come up with an agreement. After Lincoln was elected to be the president, some southern states quit the Union and formed a new â€Å"Union†. In order to protect and maintain the Union of the states, the battle between the North and the South finally started. As a result, throughout the American Civil War, the slavery system was abolished in the United States. It really cleared the â€Å"barrier† of capitalism, which was the slavery system, and spurred the U.S. economy rapidly on.

The hunting trip Essay Example for Free

The hunting trip Essay Finally, the time was here. It was fall break, and I had nothing to do but sit around and enjoy life. This area was covered with dirt, and no matter how hard I tried, I would get filthy. I couldnt wait to get home to take a nice shower. It was a nice place to sit around and clear my mind. In the middle of September, my mother and I would go to the store to buy tons of food for hunting trip. At last, after being at the store for hours, we would be on our way to meet my dad and my brothers. Hunting trip was the highlight of my year. For five years, we would go to the exact same campsite. At this campsite, the air was fresh, the sun was out, and all I could hear was the beautiful sound of the calm river flowing downstream. Our campsite was setup right next to the clear stream. My brothers and I would always throw rocks and sticks into the river. We loved to watch the huge fish jump far above the water, and dive back in head first. We never stayed in a tent because of all the moisture that the river would give off. In the mornings, when we did stay in the tent, my family and I would wake up feeling drenched with water. We had a new camper that was big enough to fit five people. The trailer was white with a stripe going down the side. It had a huge dining table that turned into a double bed. There was a bunk bed, which also has departments in for different storage. There was a hallway that leads to a king size bed where my parents slept. All of the sheets are dirty from all the dirt that was brought into the trailer. In the mornings, I could feel the moisture of the cold air from the inside of the camper. Every morning, my dad would wake up to go hunting. My nostrils would fill from the luscious smell of the brew from the freshly made coffee that my mom would make for my dad. He would always take my brothers hunting with him. Mom and I called them the three mighty hunters. At about 9:00 every morning, my mom and I would start to cook breakfast for the boys. My favorite breakfast to cook was egg casserole. We would get all of the ingredients together to start off our creation. We never knew what we would put in the dish; we would just start throwing different things in there. The smell of bacon sizzling on the frying pan would make my mouth water. Finally, after finishing the creation of food, we would put it into the oven to cook. While waiting for the boys to get back, I would get a horrifying feeling in my stomach. Did they get something? Did a bear find them? I was always so nervous. I would just sit in front of the campfire waiting impatiently for their return. The sun would gleam on my rosy cheeks as I sat there. Looking at all of the green around me would always bring a smile to my face. There were so many different types, I never had a favorite. I could hear the blissful birds chirping in the blue, clear sky. If I was lucky, the birds would be interrupted by the call of an elk shouting out to the cows. I loved that noise! Every time I heard it, I would go get my mom in the camper so she could hear the large animals call from nature. After hours of waiting for my brothers and my dad, they finally returned to camp. They were filthy with mud from the four-wheeler flicking it up onto their faces. They were usually wet from the moisture of the entire plantation that they would walk into. I could tell that they were tired because they were always out of breath. We would take our breakfast outside, and, as a family, we would sit around the campfire. The lawn chairs that we would sit on were so uncomfortable. They were starting to rip on the bottom. Every time that my dad would get back from a hunt, he would tell the whole hunt from start to finish. Every hunt consisted of, Jonathan needs to learn how to walk quietly. Learn to pick up your feet son. All those two would do was complain. Jonathan would reply, That was Jesse, not me. In the early afternoon, my dad would let me take the four-wheeler out for a spin. I would start up the engine, and hear the loud roar that the machine made. I shifted in high gear, and was on my way for an adventure. I would drive about 33 mph, just enough for the chilly wind to blow through my hair. Every so often, a bug would hit my face; I hated that feeling. It felt as if a tiny pebble whacked me on my cheek. As I drove, I couldnt believe the gorgeous forest scene that laid directly in front of me. As I looked in the trees, I could see horns from a buck, and his doe wondering around him. I knew that I had to get back because my dad needed to start his afternoon hunt. When I got back, my dad, surprisingly, asked me to come along instead of the boys. I was hesitant at first, but I knew that if I went, I could see a lot of different parts of nature. I put on a camouflage suit, and covered my face with dark paint. My stomach was tangled in knots. I was so excited to be a part of hunting. A lot of girls dont hunt, but I wanted to be one of the few that did. I wanted to learn all of the techniques of hunting from my dad. We started off toward the top of the mountain on the four wheeler. My dad said that there were big elk on the top. After a few miles, we got off the four wheeler, and started walking into the deep, dark forest. The sun was starting to set, and the breeze was getting more frigid. I had two long sleeve shirts on and a huge jacket to keep me warm. Fifteen minutes into the walk, I heard a loud bugle directly in front of us. It sounded as if a monster was growling. By the noise, I knew that this animal had to be huge. My dad called back with his cow call. It was a high pitch grunt. The elk instantly bugled back. My dad and I were both so nervous. As we looked harder and harder into the woods, we could barely see the animal. My dad took his binoculars from his backpack, and gave me them so I could see what he really looked like. His horns were the biggest things I have ever seen. They had a dark brown base, with off-white tips. His body was a tan color with dark brown around his neck. He would stick his horns by a tree, and start scratching at it as if he was trying to sharpen them. His eyes looked so clueless and clear. I think that he was hesitant because he was still thinking about the cow call. A few minutes later, the elk slowly walked back into the forest. My dad said that it was getting too dark to shoot anything, so we had to head back to campsite. When we got back, I couldnt wait to tell my mom what I had seen. I screamed and yelled in excitement. I kept stumbling over my words, trying to tell too many things at once. As soon as I started making more sense, my moms face looked flourished by all of the thrilling news. I still couldnt believe that I actually saw that magnificent animal. As the night went on, that one moment kept racing through my mind. That night, we cooked hotdogs on the end of a stick, and stuck them in the flaming fire. My face was burning from the scalding fire. It was pitch black outside, and I could hear the little crickets start to sing their pleasant tunes. While we were all eating a delicious dinner, my dad tried to scare us by telling a frightening story. It never worked for me! He would go off about big foot and how he was over twelve feet tall. My brothers were still pretty young, so look in their eyes looked like they were both terrified. During his story, I just looked around the campsite. I couldnt see anything but the bright, full moon beaming above us. The stars were cluttered in all different formations. It was exquisite! After spending about five days on a hunting trip, I knew why I loved it so much. Even though I would get filthy from all of the dirt, I still loved it. At this certain place, I could get away from everything that was bad in my life, or even take a break from the pressure of school and sports. Here, I could hang out with my family without thinking about cleaning the house to make my mom happy, or feeding the dogs so my dad didnt have to do it. At this specific location, my family and I forgot about the stress from work or school, and just had the best time of our lives. That is why this place was, and will always be, the most important to me.

Pantoprazole Compound Discovery and Development

Pantoprazole Compound Discovery and Development Abstract Pantoprazole is an proton pump inhibitor, which inhibits the gastric acid secretion by blocking the proton pump or the H+K+ATPase in the gastric parietal cells of stomach. Pantoprazole was synthesized in the year 1987 and was launched in the year 1994 after development and clinical trials. Development of the lead compound timoprazole and the discovery of H+K+ATPase as an target, were the two most important discoveries which led to the generation of a new class of compounds, the proton pump inhibitors. In this review, the discovery and the stages of development of pantoprazole will be discussed. Introduction The gastric acid is secreted in the stomach by the parietal cells. The gastric parietal cells are known to have three stimulators viz. gastrin, acetycholine and histamine. Acetylcholine and Histamine exert their effect through the M3-Muscarinic and H2-Histamnic receptors respectively. Whereas, gastrin exerts its action via release of histamine. Antagonists of the cholinergic and histaminic receptors were the first agents used for the inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The side effects and low efficacy limited the use of cholinergic receptor antagonists[1] and the histaminic receptor antagonists were the first class of drugs to be clinically used for the treatment of acid related disorders. These classes of drugs were widely developed in the 1970s and 1980s.[1] But, variability in response and phenomenas like acid rebound and tolerance were observed in these class of drugs[2]. Thus there was a need of more effective targets and drugs for the optimal inhibition of gastric acid. This search led to the discovery of a new target, the gastric acid pump- H+K+ATPase and a new class of anti-secretory drugs were born that is the Proton pump inhibitors[2]. Omeprazole was then synthesized in 1979 and was the first clinically used proton pump inhibitor launched in 1988 and then gradually pantoprazole was synthesized in 1986 and launched in 1994. Today pantoprazole is one of the first line drug used in the treatment of acid related disorder. Initiation of research for new compounds: In 1967 at Astra HÃ ¤ssle researcher Ivan -stholm initiated an innovative research project in gastrointestinal field in order to develop anti-secretory agents which could be used in the peptic ulcer diseases[4]. Their first idea was to inhibit the gastric stimulating hormone gastrin[4]. It was known from the various animal experiments that local anesthetic agents of the antrum blocks the release of gastrin. Therefore the researchers at Astra HÃ ¤ssle aimed at synthesizing a local anesthetic compound which could be administered orally and is orally active. But all the available local anesthetic agents were however, protonated in an acidic environment and therefore were inactive, thus the goal was to change the chemical structure of lidocaine which was an established local anesthetic agent of the Astra HÃ ¤ssle itself into a non-basic compound[4]. The shay rat or the gastric fistula rat was used as a screening model. A large number of compounds were synthesized by the researchers, b ut it was found that the anesthetic property of the compound induced toxic effects. The chemical development finally ended with compounds including carbamates which were devoid of local anesthetic properties. Carbamates were found to be very effective inhibitors of gastric acid secretion in rat models but were rather ineffective in dog.[6-7] The most effective carbamate compound was H81/75 but however in 1971-72, when it was tested in humans it was found to be completely ineffective. Instead of reviving this local anesthetic lead, the researchers undertook a literature search to look for new approaches. In 1972, the researchers found an abstract from an Hungarian pharmacological meeting in which a new anti-secretory agent called CMN-131 was described.CMN-131 was synthesized by French company Servier.[4,5] In this abstract it was reported that CMN-131 induced inhibition of stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats as well as anesthetized dogs. But due to severe toxicological problems the research on this drug never continued.[4] By this time in 1973, Smith-Kline and French announced the development of Cimetidine, worlds first H2 receptor antagonist which inhibited the gastric acid secretion by blocking histaminic receptors[1]. Based on the structure of cimetidine, a benzimidazole ring was added to the structure of CMN-131and was tested on animal models this new compound was named as H124/26 .[4]This sulphide compound was then modified for stabilization into its su lfoxide analogue and thus a new compound called as Timoprazole was born which was found to be a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. But, however timoprazole was found to show toxicities in the thyroid gland. It causes enlargement of thyroid gland, the possible reason for this toxicity was that the timoprazole inhibits the iodine uptake. Thus timoprazole was not further developed and it served as a lead compound for the development of new anti-secretory agents. Uptill now the target of timoprazole was unknown. Discovery of H+K+ ATPase: In 1977, George Sachs and John Forte discovered H+K+ ATPase pump commonly known as the proton pump or the gastric acid pump[3.4]. From the experiments carried out on hog gastric mucosa, they showed that the exchange of H+ and K+ were responsible for the regulation of the gastric acid secretion and they also suggested that this was the terminal step in the acid secretory process of the parietal cell wall[4]. When acid secretory membranes are isolated from the parietal cells, they round up and form closed vesicles containing H+K+ ATPase. On the basis of imunohistological data from various organs with the help of antibodies against a crude preparation from the secretory membranes of the parietal cells, Sachs showed that the proto pump was localized in the gastric parietal cells.[4] This immunohistological data not only revealed strong immunoreactivity in the parietal cell region of the stomach, but also revealed some acitivity in the thyroid gland.[5] Target identification: On the basis of various pharmacological methods, like the isolated guinea pig atrium, it was found that timoprazole was neither an H2-histaminic receptor antagonist nor an anti-cholinergic drug. Furthermore there were no evidences supporting any anti-gastrin activity of the compound.[4,5] Therefore, though timoprazole inhibited the gastric acid secretion in various animal based models but its exact mechanism and site of action due to which it can account for its anti-secretory activity was yet to be identified. During this time, the proton pump was discovered and there were evidences that the activation of this newly discovered proton pump, present in the secretory membranes of the stomach parietal cells, was the final step of the gastric acid secretion. Also, the imunohistological data obtained using antibodies reveled strong immunoreactivity in the parietal cell region of the stomach and also some activity in the thyroid gland. On the basis of these facts coupled with the knowledge of the side effects of timoprazole on the thyroid gland, discussed earlier, raised an intriguing question in the minds of the scientists that could H+K+ ATPase, be the target of site of action of timoprazole. Research was initiated in this area in parallel to the further development of the benzimidazole compounds. With the help of the various pharmacological techniques such as the isolated gastric vesicles, it was indeed shown that the substituted benzimidazoles inhibited the gastric acid secretion by the inhib ition of the H+K+ ATPase pump. Studies showed that the pre-incubation of isolated vesicles with substituted imidazoles resulted in inhibition of gastric acid secretion only when the conditions were acidic[4,5]. This was really a breakthrough finding. This finding was further verified in experiments where the compound solvent was acidified[4]. All these facts and findings were the first indication that the substituted benzimidazoles had to be probably be transformed in other forms in order to bring about the active inhibition of the proton pump. Protonation of the compound was the first step in the transformation of compounds. These findings were followed by a series of experiments using various different types of test systems, in order to study the interactions of substituted benzimidazoles with the H+K+ ATPase pump. Several binding studies were carried out with substituted benzimidazoles which showed specific binding to the H+K+ ATPase.[3,4] All the studies and findings showed that the substituted benzimidazoles inhibited the gastric acid secretion by binding to the H+K+ ATPase pump and thus inhibiting its action. Optimization of timoprazole: Due to the various toxicological effects of timoprazole on the thyroid gland due to the inhibition of the iodine uptake, timoprazole was not suitable for further development. Therefore the researchers were in search of a new compound and a new possible approach. In order to optimize the lead compound timoprazole various studies were carried out, so that an compound devoid of toxicities could be developed. A literature search of the chemistry of thiourea compounds showed few substituted mercapto-benzimidazoles having no effect on the iodine uptake by the thyroid[4,5]. Thse substituted mercapto-benzimidazoles analogues were introduced into the structure of timoprazole. Various tests and experiments showed that the above analogue of timoprazole had a considerable anti-secretory actitvity and also was devoid of any inhibitory action on the uptake of iodine. This potent anti-secretory compound obtained after the introduction of mercapto-benzimidazole substituents in the structure of timoprazole was named as picoprazole.[5,4] The first toxicological studies of picoprazole showed necrotizing vasculitis in the small intestine of dogs[4]. However it was later found out that the toxic effect of picoprazole was an non-drug related phenomenon. The second toxicological studies carried out with picoprazole was rather successful. Picoprazole was then tested in human volunteers, where it showed very potent anti-secretory activity with a long duration of action.[4,5] Development of pantoprazole: As discussed earlier, these compounds were only effective in inhibition of gastric acid secretion, if an only if the ATPase was making acid. As this compound was a weak base the steps that were thought then to result in inhibition of ATPase activity and acid secretion involved accumulation of the compound in the acid space of the isolated or intact gastric vesicles or in the parietal cell canalicullis during H+ transport, followed by a conversion of compound to its active form to account for acid dependence.[1] The conversion of compound to its active form is acid dependent. It was then postulated that these compounds acted as pro-drugs which can only react with the H+/K+ ATPase,if they are converted into their active form in an acid dependent manner. The active form of this compounds are the sulfenic acid or sulfenamide form. Further studies showed that the final structure of the compound generated in the acidic solution was a result of tetracyclic planar rearrangement of the compou nd, which leads to compounds containing a highly -SH reactive sulfenamide group.[1] However it is not clear whether the sulfenamide or the sulfenic acid or its dehydro form is responsible for binding to the H+/K+ ATPase covalently. In order optimize the acid stability of the lead compound and to generate selectivity for maximal accumulation at the site of action and for proper activation in the acidic space of the parietal cells, chemists changed and introduced new substituents on the heterocyclic ring of the lead compound which lead to the development and synthesis of Omeprazole in the year 1979[5]. It was found to be the most powerful inhibitor of stimulated gastric acid release[5]. Omeprazole was devoid of toxicities. Omeprazole was launched in 1988 and it was the first clinically used proton pump inhibitor. In order to develop more acid stable and effective compounds various modifications were done and in 1986 Byk Guilden synthesized Pantoprazole.[3] It was tested in both in vivo and in vitro and was found to be a potent anti secretory agent. studies on human volunteers was successful and it also suggested that pantoprazole had greater acid stability and target selectivity than omeprazole[2]. In addition its pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile was also different[2]. In 1987 sodium salt of pantoprazole was synthesized as the salt was more stable, more soluble and was more compatible with other excipients used in the formulation finally after seven years of clinical development pantoprazole was launched in 1994 for the first time in Germany.

Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices Essay -- Writing

Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices The attempt to discover my "voice" may seem less than insightful for the audience in which this paper is intended. It is quite a relief that I don't have to write a theme, pretending to be an expert on finding voice. The concept of voice is very new for me because I wasn't aware that I was conveying a tone or attitude in my writing that was so profoundly obvious. In preparation for this discussion I have spent time re-reading former assignments trying to "hear" the voice present in them. I think the concept of voice, as well as the new deliberate avoidance from theme writing, has put the entire class in the same boat. In this respect our writing talents are maturing. If the paper does not provide any insight on the new and powerful creative tool called voice, in the very least it will have benefitted me by helping me explore the voice in my writings. For that, each of you will have this opportunity to become familiar with me, the person and writer, through voice. Long before I decided to become an English major, I had decided I was a good writer. If I had to use one word to describe myself as a writer, it would be "thrifty". I could whip off papers that I was asked to write, on topics which I generally knew nothing about. Many of us could testify to the truth that we are conditioned to become theme writing specialists. It is almost as if we have been coerced to believe that writing of any other kind will push creativity beyond it's acceptable limits. I was continually praised for my writing "thriftiness". No matter what the subject was, I was an expert. The extensive use of latinate words in my work convinced the reader I knew exactly what I was talking about. I had ... ...ion, I would presume that people believe this because they weren't comfortable with the limitations imposed on them that made creating good writing, seem like an impossibility. We all struggle to discover whether we are good writers, and we look to our professor's paper evaluations to determine this. The promising thing about this class, is that we get to serve as mentors for each other. For this one time, we may submit our work to a larger audience for evaluation. Our success in writing doesn't have to hinge on the personal preferences and standards of just one person, our professor. I am optimistic, because although I continue to struggle with writing in voice, I have one and therefore I know I will discover it. It will enrich my writing enough so that I know I am capable of more than mechanical theme writing. Now that you hear my voice, what is it that you hear? Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices Essay -- Writing Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices The attempt to discover my "voice" may seem less than insightful for the audience in which this paper is intended. It is quite a relief that I don't have to write a theme, pretending to be an expert on finding voice. The concept of voice is very new for me because I wasn't aware that I was conveying a tone or attitude in my writing that was so profoundly obvious. In preparation for this discussion I have spent time re-reading former assignments trying to "hear" the voice present in them. I think the concept of voice, as well as the new deliberate avoidance from theme writing, has put the entire class in the same boat. In this respect our writing talents are maturing. If the paper does not provide any insight on the new and powerful creative tool called voice, in the very least it will have benefitted me by helping me explore the voice in my writings. For that, each of you will have this opportunity to become familiar with me, the person and writer, through voice. Long before I decided to become an English major, I had decided I was a good writer. If I had to use one word to describe myself as a writer, it would be "thrifty". I could whip off papers that I was asked to write, on topics which I generally knew nothing about. Many of us could testify to the truth that we are conditioned to become theme writing specialists. It is almost as if we have been coerced to believe that writing of any other kind will push creativity beyond it's acceptable limits. I was continually praised for my writing "thriftiness". No matter what the subject was, I was an expert. The extensive use of latinate words in my work convinced the reader I knew exactly what I was talking about. I had ... ...ion, I would presume that people believe this because they weren't comfortable with the limitations imposed on them that made creating good writing, seem like an impossibility. We all struggle to discover whether we are good writers, and we look to our professor's paper evaluations to determine this. The promising thing about this class, is that we get to serve as mentors for each other. For this one time, we may submit our work to a larger audience for evaluation. Our success in writing doesn't have to hinge on the personal preferences and standards of just one person, our professor. I am optimistic, because although I continue to struggle with writing in voice, I have one and therefore I know I will discover it. It will enrich my writing enough so that I know I am capable of more than mechanical theme writing. Now that you hear my voice, what is it that you hear?

Total Quality Management In Construction Essay -- essays research pape

Total Quality Management In Construction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The major new element in world market competition is quality. During the 1970's and 1980's, the Japanese and their U.S. companies demonstrated that high quality is achievable at lower costs and greater customer satisfaction. It was the result of using the management principles of total quality management (TQM). More and more U.S. companies have demonstrated that such achievements are possible Using TQM as a new way to manage. Such companies also found that they were recognized with everyone pulling in the same direction. Improvement had become a way of live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Improving competitive position and profit has always been the responsibility of management. Before the 1980's, U.S. management was broadly successful. Until then the dominant management model was that of the autocrat. Management, primly senior management, decided how the business was to operate, including what the policies and objectives were; how it was organized; what jobs were established; and how should they be done. It was an unquestioned axiom that if everyone did what the upper management required, the business would be successful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizations are composed of the people in them and the managers who lead them. People respond strongly to leadership expectations and rewards. If they are given little power in their jobs, they have little interest in improving them. If leaders exhort the members for better output but reward (promotions, bonuses, recognition) for mostly higher output, they get the behavior they reward. Quantity over quality has been a common management philosophy in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first step in implementing TQM requires the an upper-management change in both philosophy and behavior. Managers must adopt the objectives of customer satisfaction and continuous improvement. They must implement the change to achieve these objectives through their personal and continuous involvement and in the reeducation of everyone in the organization in TQM principles and practices. The past philosophy of management can work reasonably well if a company dominates world markets. When markets become complex and worldwide with more and stronger competitors, a new model is needed. Asian companies and some in the United States have demonstra... ...d competent people, let them do there job. No one knows about the job than the person directly involved with it. 8.Training   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The outcome of training is modified behavior. It may be enhanced interpersonal skills or specific manual skills, but there is a direct, identifiable modification. Training need not consist solely of traditional classroom instruction. Employees can train other employees very effectively.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A company-wide curriculum should be developed that address the needs of each department. Courses should be just long enough to be effective. Anything over three or four days is unlikely to immediately be absorbed into daily work habits. Immediate reinforcement of the training is necessary to be effective. Bibliography 1. R. Stein, The Next Phase of Total Quality Management., Macel Dekker, Inc.,1994. 2. T. Cartin, Principles and Practices of TQM., ASQC Quality Press.,1993. 1. W. Schmidt and J. Finnigan, TQManager., Jossey-Bass Publishers., 1993. 1. B.Brocka and S. Brocka, Quality Management: Implementing The Best Ideas Of the Masters. Irwin, Inc.,1992. 2. H. Kerzner, Project Managment., Van Nostrand Reinhold.,1992.

History of Gypsies Essay -- Gypsy

The first and to date only reliable assertion of the origin of word Gypsy for the members of â€Å"specific† group, dates back to 1068. At that time the Georgian monah st. George Antonski, from the monastery of Iviron (Greece) reports to his people that on the mountain of Athos in the time between 1001 and 1026 a group of â€Å"Athiganos† arrived. The word Athigatos or Acinkan in Greek would be â€Å"untouchable†. Different synonyms of this word were used later as name for â€Å"that† nation around Europe. In literature we find: latin-Cingarus, Turkey-Cingeneler, France-Tsiganes, Germany-Zinger, Russia-Cjganji, Hungary-Ciganjiok, Italy-Zingari, Spain-Gitanos. In Croatia the name is Cigani and in Dubrovnik Republic Jedupi or Egyptians. The name Egyptians was probably brought to Dubrovnik by Italians (Greece was at the time under Venetian rule) where together with the former name Jedupi for Gypsies the name Egyptians started to be used. On 08. April 1791 the first World congress of Gypsies was held in London. Important decisions and accepting of Roma flag, official anthem and official languages were brought. It was decided that the flag consists of two basic colours that symbolises everlasting wandering of Roma. The green is a symbol of boundless natural space as freedom of movement. The blue is symbol of sky and in the middle of the flag is a wheel which marks the everlasting journey of Roma. The official anthem is famous Roma song â€Å"Gelem, Gelem† and as official language Lovari Roma language was accepted. In the same time as unique world wide used name for Gypsies was term â€Å"Htom†, which in Gypsy-lovari language means a man. Sound ht does not exist in graphic system therefore for the sake of easy writing this sound is spelled as sound R. There... ...father Stepan Iuan Sainouich dictus Oliuerich, 1490. father Sain We strongly believe that the Dubrovnik Gypsies are ancestors of today’s Lovari Roma as this tradition of names and surnames can today be found among Lovari Roma in Croatia. Music Anthem: Gelem,gelem Anthem lyrics: Gelem, gelem I have travelled over long roads I have met fortunate Roma I have travelled far and wide I have met lucky Roma Oh, Romani adults, Oh Romani youth Oh, Romani adults, Oh Romani youth Oh, Roma, from wherever you have come With your tents along lucky roads I too once had a large family But the black legion murdered them Come with me, Roma of the world To where the Romani roads have been opened Now is the time - stand up, Roma, We shall succeed where we make the effort. Oh, Roma adults, Oh, Roma youth Oh, Roma adults, Oh, Roma youth

Discussion Questions for Operational Management

Discussion Questions for OM 5016 Class 2 Ch 1 &2. Operations Management Introduction and Strategy 1. What is Operations Management? What are major OM decisions? 2. What are the key differences between goods and services? 3. What a role does productivity play? How to measure productivity and what challenges do we have in measuring and improving productivity? 4. What is mission and strategy? How important is it for an organization to develop a mission and strategy? 5. What is OM strategy? How can operations management help a company achieve competitive advantages? 6.What is SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat) analysis? Under what circumstances do you think should we conduct SWOT analysis? Class 3 Southwest Airlines 1. Why has Southwest Airlines been so successful? 2. What recommendations would you make about the issues raised on pages 13 – 15 of the case? 3. What are the implications for Southwest of the actual or threatened bankruptcies of other major U. S. airlin e? Class 4 Ch 05. Product and Service Design 1. Why do companies need to continuously develop new products? How to generate new ideas? 2. What factors should be considered in product development?Describe the typical phases of product development and evaluate their relative importance. 3. What is the role of quality function deployment (QFD)? How is Quality of House working in product development? 4. Describe the main techniques used in designing products. Give some real world examples. What strategic advantages do techniques provide? 5. Describe the documents used to define and produce a product? How are they important and necessary? 6. Describe four organizational approaches to product development. What pros and cons do they have? 7. What are the key differences between product design and service design? 8.What an impact does environmental friendly design have on product development? How do you address conflicts between ethical design and company profitability? Class 6 Discussion q uestions for IDEO If you have interest, watch the video on Youtube: the Deep Dive Q1. How would you characterize IDEO’s design process, organization, culture and management? Q2. Should IDEO accept the Visor project as is (on a dramatically reduced schedule)? Should they try to persuade Handspring’s management to change its aggressive launch schedule? Or should they simply decline the project? Please consider both the IDEO and Handspring perspectives.Class 7 Process and Layout Strategy 1. What process strategies does an organization usually use? What key factors does a company consider in choosing its process strategy? What are the competitive advantages a firm (producing goods or service) has by using different process strategy? 2. What is mass customization? What major factors contribute to the success of mass customization? 3. How to analyze and design a process by using different tools? 4. What process strategies should be used for service? What are the key differen ces between a service process and a product process? How to improve the service process? . What layout strategies can a company use? What are the main characteristics and concerns of these strategies? 6. What are the relationships between process and layout? Class 8 Mass Gen Hospital Q1. What are primary challenges in improving operating processes in a health care environment such as that of MGH? Why choose CABG for care path? Q2. What implementation approach would you recommend for Bohmer and Torchiana? Be specific as to where you would start, what resources you would bring to bear, what performance you would expect, and what timeline you would hope to follow.What would you recommend MGH to do for its longer-term process improvement? Q3. How should MGH balance the tension between process standardization and process customization? What are the hazards of standardizing the process too rigorously? What are the dangers of allowing too much freedom to customize? Class 9 Capacity Plannin g and Location 1. What is capacity decision about? Why is it important? 2. Distinguish between design capacity and effective capacity, between utilization and efficiency. 3. What factors should be considered in determining the capacity? 4. What approaches are used and when to use them to expand the capacity? . Describe approaches used to determine the capacity. (You do not need to know how to calculate, but have to know the idea and assumptions of the approaches) 6. What are the goals, criteria and factors does a company consider in choosing a location? What are the trends of location decision? 7. Describe techniques used for location decision and identify the situations and assumptions under which these techniques should be applied. Class 10 Questions for Alden 1. Looking back, do you agree with the logic that led API in 1962 to consolidate its European production into a single facility? 2.What is your evaluation of the Uniplant’s performance during the 1980s? 3. What recomm endations would you make to Mr. Genet, API-Europe’s Executive VP, as regards the operations strategy his organization should follow in the future? Specifically, which option should it take, where should it be located, and how should it be managed? Class 12 Questions for Supply Chain Management (SCM) 1. What is a supply chain? What are the differences between SCM and OM? Describe the various stages in the supply chain and the different flows involved. 2. What is the goal and main decisions of supply chain? 3.What is your evaluation between single supplier and multiple suppliers? 4. What is push/pull view of a supply chain? What product characteristics influence the choice of push/pull SC 5. What is bullwhip effect? Why does it happen and how to reduce this effect? 6. What is an integrated supply chain? What are the key challenges and how to make it a success? Class 13 Discussion questions for Crocs 1. What are Croc’s core competencies? 2. How do they exploit these compe tencies in the future? Consider the following alternatives: a. Further vertical integration into materials. b. Growth by acquisition. c.Growth by product extension 3. To what degree do the alternatives in question 2 fit the company’s core competencies, and to what degree do they defocus the company away from its core competencies? Class 14 Inventory Management 1. What is inventory? What types of inventory are there? What are the major causes of inventory? 2. What is the purpose of ABC classification system and how is it working? 3. What types of costs associated with an inventory system? What are the objectives and key decisions of inventory management? 4. What are the assumptions and objective of EOQ model? Are these assumptions reasonable? . What are the major differences between EOQ and production order quantity (POQ) model? Why is the production inventory quantity larger than the economic order quantity, given other things equal? 6. What is â€Å"safety stock†? Wha t does safety stock provide safety against? How to calculate safety stock based on the required service level? 7. How to determine inventory size when there is uncertainty with demand/lead time? 8. What are the main challenges in inventory management, in your opinion? Class 15 Sport Obermeyer 1. What challenges does Sport Obermeyer have in production planning with uncertain demand? . What are your recommendations for production planning prior to and after observing the Las Vegas show? 3. What operational changes would you recommend to Wally to reduce markdown and stockout costs? 4. What are your views on sourcing from Hong Kong versus China? Class 16 Aggregate planning and ERP 1. What is aggregate planning and what aggregate means? 2. What are the strategic objectives of aggregate planning? Which one of these is most often addressed by the quantitative techniques of aggregate planning? 3. What strategies are used in developing a plan?What options are available for each strategy and what are the pros and cons of each option? 4. How does aggregate planning in service differ from aggregate planning in manufacturing? What is yield management and where are they implemented? 5. What is the relationship between the aggregate planning and the master production schedule (MPS)? What is the relationship between MPS and material requirements planning (MRP)? How to develop a MRP? 6. How does MRP, as an approach to inventory management, differ from the approach taken in the chapter Inventory Management, dealing with economic order quantities? 7.What is ERP and what benefits and disadvantages of ERP have? Class 17 Cisco Systems 1. At the end of the case, Pete Solvik has a number of questions. Please think about these questions, and be prepared to give your answers: What factors had contributed to the success of the ERP implementation? What obstacles did Cisco overcome for the ERP project? How? Where had the EPR team been â€Å"smart†? Where had the ERP team been just plain lucky? Do you think that the ERP project a complete success? Do you think that the Cisco team could do such a project again if they had to? Why? Why not? 2. How important is the ERP to the overall architecture?Do you see the ERP component as something that will be undertaken by some, most or all companies as they build their Information Age IT architectures? Class 18 Just-in-Time (JIT) 1. What is JIT, the Toyota Production System (TPS) and lean operations? What are the underlying philosophies? 2. Does JIT mean zero inventory? How to use EOQ and POQ models in inventory management to determine the lot size in a JIT system? 3. What are the differences between JIT and customization? 4. What are the characteristics of JIT partnerships with respect to suppliers? 5. How can layout help a company achieve JIT? How are JIT and quality related? . What is level scheduling? Discuss how the Japanese word for card has been applied in the study of JIT. 7. JIT attempts to remove delays that do not add value. How does JIT cope with weather and its impact on crop harvest and transportation times? 8. Does lean techniques work for service industry, such as a restaurant? If so, how? Class 19 Toyota Motor Manufacturing 1. What are the possible causes of the seat problem? What is the real problem facing Doug Friesen? 2. What are the key elements of TPS? Where, if at all, does the current routine for handling defective seats differ from the principles of TPS? . As Doug Friesen, what would you do to address the seat problem? Where would you focus your attention and solution efforts? Class 20 Quality and TQM 1. What is quality? What factors are used to determine quality for goods and services? 2. What are costs of quality? How can improving quality reduce costs? 3. What is Total Quality Management (TQM)? What concepts are used to implement an effective TQM program? Explain them. How are they related to Deming’s 14 points? 4. What are seven tools of TQM? What are their purpo ses and when to use them? 5. How does fear in the workplace inhibit learning? . Philip Crosby said that quality is free. What does it mean and why? 7. What roles do operations managers play in addressing the major aspects of service quality? 8. Good quality products last a long time, which in turn may reduce the sales of the product and thus the profit. How do you explain this? Class 21 Ritz-Carlton 1. What is the essence of the Ritz-Carlton experience? What is the Ritz-Carlton selling? 2. How does Ritz-Carlton create â€Å"Ladies and Gentlemen† in only 7 days? 3. Should McBride lengthen the 7 Day Countdown? Any other alternatives?

Chicano Movement Essay

The Chicano case of the sixties, also called the Chicano Civil Rights Movement, is an extension of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement which began in the 1940s with the stated goal of achieving Mexican American empowerment.The Chicano Movement emerged during the Civil Rights date with three main goals restoral of land, rights for farm workers and to discipline reforms.The Chicano Movement also addressed dissimilarity in public and private institutions among legion(predicate) things. The Chicano Movement has created our future in which we beat the right to speak any manner of speaking we want and we wont be punished. in that location pee-pee been incredible outcomes of the Chicano Movement we have had cracking leaders which is the main focusing of my project.hrought the Chicano Movement there were some hatful involved, below there are round of the leaders that made a self-aggrandising impact on the main goals that the chicano achievement had like the demand for farmers rights and an education reform. Dolores Huerta to this twenty-four hour period has been one of the most influential women in Chicano History. She is an activist, labor leader.Born Dolores Fernndez on April 10, 1930, in Dawson, New Mexico. Huerta grew up in Stockton, California, which was in the San Joaquin Valley, an area filled with farms. She went to college, then worked as an elementary school teacher. Huerta saw that many another(prenominal) of her students where childen farm workers, that lived in poverty without being able to have the simple nessecities. to help, she became the relegate of the Stockton Chapter of the Commuunity Services Organization. This organization has worked to improve socian and sparing conditions for farm workers and also to fight descrimination. Throught the 1960s huerta created the Agriculture thespian Association, this organization dealt with many issues. Then she became co-founder with Cesar Chavez of the United Farm Worker the two bec ame a good team when fighting for farmers rights. Huerta continues to be a great role model attending highschools and colleges animate many students chanting one of Cesar Chavez famed chant Si Se Puede. Huerta had been an inspirational women, she has been honored for being an activist. she has received the Ellis Island decoration of Freedom award in 1993, the Eleanor Roosevelt face in 1999 and was inducted to the National Women Hall of Fame in 1993.

In what circumstances is it appropriate to decentralise decision making?

Decentralisation of decision making is the process of involving different people in an organization in making key significant changes whether these changes are policy based or otherwise, different levels of senior management are involved and their expertise and own opinion is sought before any changes are enacted. There are 2 public key decisions making methods in an organisation, namely centralized and decentralized, In the latter, only the top management is involved in making key changes and decisions which negative affect the whole organization.This system is advantageous in that, it is faster, reliable wired and less tasking. While it is still used in great majority of organizaions, most organizations are shifting to the decentralised scientific method and therefore are involving different levels of management in the important decision making process.They rely to make decisions and provide same direction for the company.Thirdly, decentralised decision making process is ideal whereby, primary key decisions are being made at departmental levels such as in production department. Empowering departmental heads to make key decisions perhaps pertaining to the purchasing of crucial dry ingredients as well as other technical areas late may require a decentralised decision making model. PAGE 2: Organisational culture empty can present difficulties for management initiated change programmes? connect Discuss Organisational culture refers to the employee – employer international relations which shape how the two parties interact and intermingle at the work place.Also, organisational culture can be shaped by, former employee backgrounds, external factors as well as the level of support accorded to the employees by the political organization staff.Each time a one-voice coverage is required, e.

On the other hand an organization culture which is negative leads to new customers shunning away so that, any well meant educational programmes will be fail to take better off since, negative publicity which the employees can advance in the process of interacting with the different stake holders also what does have a bearing on the outcome of the projects. Lastly, organizational culture determines total output in workers in that, a negative general attitude amongst employees is more likely to lead to new low output in that, it is highly correlated with time low morale and therefore productivity.PAGE 3: Discuss why managerial authority is so important to our understanding of organisations and technological how this power has to be legitimised logical not just by individual workers but by the international organisations culture. Failure to appreciate managerial authority stems original form a negative culture which in stead of pestering a mutual understanding between skilled work ers and employers causes tensions and such misunderstandings in an organization.in fiscal reporting, agility early may not be suitable.To achieve the above, management should work towards having logical and inculcating in the organization, the right culture. This best can be achieved (if it is lacking), through the launching of strategic plans which could incorporate vision logical and mission statements, core values of the organization as well as the social responsibility statement of the organization. All the above are necessary in ensuring that, the organization functions in the right environment whereby the special needs of all members in the organization are taken great care of and employees feel free and as a part of the organization. This in turn direct result into a culture of unity and strength.Dynamic changes in financial resources and organisational objectives , along with the firm environment, geometric mean a static structure is suitable.

The classical organisation is linked with bureaucracy.Organizations and other people having different opinions on a particular small business choice best can struggle.The operation of the HR professional needs to close parallel the requirements of their organization that is shifting.In the procedure, you ought to be going for foreseeable future growth and ensuring.

Further empirical analysis is necessary Considering that the little effect of management reforms like these may take first time to unfold.There are six significant elements that moral ought to be aligned by the communication departments as a means.Gathering information could possibly be a issue for little logical and midsize businesses (SMEs), not just for financial or personnel reasons, but also because SMEs armed might not understand what theyd like to find worn out or they dont have sufficient time good for detailed analysis.Folks at every level in the business could have some autonomy.

Racial Formation Summary Essay

racial Formations by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, in my eyes, successfully excuseed how we as a decree count on washout and ca-cas us a disposition impression of how it is observe at bottom mixer contexts. Omi and Winant apply media, ideas, and nonchalant examples to exhibit their views close lavation. Omi and Winants denomination began with the Susie Guillory Phippss example or so how she had (Omi and Winant 2014) unsuccessfully sued the lah dresser of bouncy Records (p.13) beca apply she valued to replace her racial bank note from obscure to blanched on her turn out certificate. Phipps blood line was that racial classifications were unconstitutional. However, the philander had upheld the flavour that classifying persons imbed on back endnonball along was indeed constitutional. The Phipps expression present for galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) centuries, that the coupled States had al modes tried and true to restrain look sharp and how it is to watch inwardly our leaner context. Omi and Winant olibanumly(prenominal)(prenominal) goes on to ordinate this scramble to learn break awaycourse is not bonny now seen in the join States, besides is seen in early(a) locations nigh the world, such as Europe. With geographic expedition of the unsanded world, m both Europeans had believed that whatsoever 1 who was not discolour had to learn littleer freedom, if whatsoever at all, because these non- sinlessness were seen as modest and less adjoin for society. withal to this e rattling day, numerous individuals emphasize to follow the scientific consequence of induce. These individuals wishing to wall that course in not (Omi and Winant 2014) complaisant, g everyplacen man billettal, or sparing design (p. 15) but preferably cannonball along bed be found deep down an individuals primal characteristics which deal be de barrierine through with(predicate) pelt distort or somatogen ic attributes.Omi and Winant push showed how race can be seen as a social opinion as well. For example, they explained how m any masses in coetaneous British political science use the stipulation dimmed to flirt with any non lily- lights, which surprisingly has not racecourse to any revenge by any great deal. As a involvement of fact, nigh Asian and Afro-Caribbean callowness be apply the term for ego identity. Omi and Winant explains this phenomenon as racial formations which refers to the (Omi and Winant 2014) handle of by which social, scotch, and political forces observe the field of study and enormousness of racial categories, and by which they be determine by racial meanings (p.15). Omi and Winant in any case goes on to explain within daily life, individuals tend to manufacture racial identities for some get arounds. These conceptualise thoughts be interchangeable expectations we giveourselves intimately an severalise(prenominal) races. T hese preconceived thoughts did not barely go past oer night, they atomic number 18 a resultant role of the historical events that has occurred everywhere clock and calm anatomy the way we study slightly another(prenominal) races to this very day.Constructing Race, Cheating, unclouded privilegeConstructing Race, Creating livid permit by Pem Davidson infract illustrated from the initiation of European colonization, thither was a feel of how blank individuals grant themselves privileges that no other race could leave. To agree these racial privileges separate, laws such as the one in 1691punished European women who marry African Americans or indigene American men. The sporty individuals were so set to separate themselves from other races, that European men who had children with an African or primordial American, or any buckle down for that matter, were not accountable for the children. This meant that African American or the Natives did not manufacture wealthy and was do so that the white people did not odour threaten by other races power. hobble then goes on to give tongue to that (2014) Whites had an advert pursuit in the aid of innocence and white privilege, and that it was the selected (pg.35).This meant that white success was taught to others and then graven in their minds for old age after. whole this was created so that whites would contribute power over other races. Additionally, whites reserved the mightily to rag African Americans however, it was criminal to beat up white people. On authorise of this, African Americans were denied the reclaim to having a family just because husbands could have ascendence for their wives and not their owners. hit then goes into dialog close to mental Wage. send describes psychological profits as having a life of transcendency for the unfortunate whites because their ingenuousness make up for the unspeakable economic federal agency they were in. This sens e of superiority supercharge helped the profuse whites because the hapless had support this separate racial remains and thus the deep had rig of poke and the economy.

Mary Shelley vs. Frankenstein Essay

In the invigorated Frankenstein by bloody shame Shelley, the rea discussion consults her t whiz to the n matchlessthelessts that happened in the book. real events in her action conduct her to relieve the offense bosh that eerie, precipitatey iniquity at noble opus Byrons avocation firm in Lon beginner. bloody shame Shelley construe umteen trage discontinues and losses. authorship a invention interchangeable Frankenstein was her mode of wail and traffic with her tribulation. Her surround similarly had an action on her for it godly her to make unnecessary the commission she did, wherefore she did, and wherefore she wrote it in the number 1 place.bloody shame Shelley had a desire, a wish, a crave for around affaire she hasnt experienced and wish surfacely neer will bafflehood. create verbally material Frankenstein make her shade the mortalnel of reality and that she basin stovepipeow finagle of separates. She sp demands the lesso n that if we wear outt point bid of some(prenominal) function that postulate that attention, it stack top to affairs we dont equivalent. From the beginning, it was a failure. When bloody shame Shelley was born, her beat, bloody shame Wollest nonpareilcraft the well-kn consecrate up(a) womanhood who wrote A defence mechanism of the Rights of womanhood died during labor. bloody shame Shelley never real had a overprotect release in code slightly.Her breed, William Godwin, on the some new(prenominal) hand, was endlessly grumpy with cable and publications that every last(predicate) she would do is dumb erect approximately whenever her fix had meetings with his boyfriend deliverrs. bloody shame Shelley grew up in the perforate of the British industrial Age. Britain was unriv eithered of the archetypical nations to industrialize. It was a clock for the melioration in engineering and sweet things. This date could learn had an effect on bloody sham e Shelley by influencing her to habituate electrical energy and piss to puddle the freak that Frankenstein readyd. It wasnt unless applied science that was affect during the industrial Revolution. neighborly patterns started ever-ever-changing too.The creation boomed and immature amicable course of studyes appe atomic number 18d. on that point were gaps amid levels of indian lodge and the focal ratio class norm eachy looked b hit up on every integrity else. interpreting Wollenstonecrafts m ar and The Rights of Woman, Godwins Memoirs of her arrive or his political Justice, doubtless provided quick exculpation for bloody shame Shelleys defiance of loving values. 1 bloody shame Shelley was adjoin by becomeers for reforms, philosophers, a changing affectionate climate, and even the wo mens liberationist movements that her give birth drive started, and this caused her to relieve the mixer gaps surrounded by characters in her refreshing, Frankenstein.Wom en werent completelyowed to lay aside in the beginning either. Her m early(a) and some other feminists who worked to be as agree as the men in association had influenced her and make her immortalise to s merchantman the maculation that she, too, like each other men, passel write a exhaustively bracing. bloody shame Shelley ran by with a marital man, Percy B. Shelley, to France when she was provided 19 long time old. Percy B. Shelley was one of her contracts friends and doing this caused her father to refuse to kick the bucket with her for the future(a) cardinal and a half geezerhood. She travelled all around Europe, visual perception umpteen batch and things. Percy B.Shelley impregnated her, and on that point was measure that he leftover her all entirely since had business to do. bloody shame Shelley wrote galore(postnominal) journals. She was randy to stupefy a baby. In February of 1815, she in the end gave nascency to her set-back nipper, Cl ara. She was two months unseasonable and concisely died beforehand(predicate) the sideline month. later on after that, bloody shame Shelley unplowed attempting to build children hardly they kept last. She longed to be a beget scarce if all her attempts failed. She became dispirited because of this. unrivaled summertime night in 1816, bloody shame Shelley and some(prenominal) other philosophers and writers came to skipper Byrons preindication in London.They couldnt go external because of the strained rain so noble Byron stubborn to arrest a manage on who posterior write the best hatred figment. afterwards that night, bloody shame Shelley had a dream. She wrote in her journal, I precept the piquet learner of satanic humanities rest beside the thing he had congeal together. I motto the frightening tincture of a man stretched out, then, on the workings of some muscular engine, maneuver signs of bread and butter His succeeder would terrify th e artificer he would rush extraneous want that this thing would finalize into stone-dead theme he opens his look discern the horrendous thing stands at his bedside, beginning his curtains2 This of course, is the of import impression of her romance which she called, Frankenstein. at that place are some(prenominal) events in Frankenstein that are colligate to bloody shame Shelleys have flavour. For example, she hollod the stolon child to die in the new(a) William. bloody shame Shelley had a son who died from malaria when he was scarce trine years old. His name was similarly William. concomitant? Maybe. alone there were to a greater extent than of these relations. During inclement bear on a family vacation, Frankenstein happens upon the composings of Cornelius Agrippa, and is at present fired with the hunger to track the secrets of deportment and death.alike it was during a wet, ungenial summer in Switzerland that bloody shame, Shelley, Byron and sev eral(prenominal) others picked up a meretriciousness of travel stories and unyielding to write 3 It took skipper Frankenstein a p tidy sum and kickoff researched about how to bring to pass a manners. He poised much materials and true learning from galore(postnominal) of his professors. His mother was dying and he couldnt pay the item that one mean solar day action except passes person by. He precious to bring on living and this was what bloody shame Shelley coveted also. She had suffered some losses and tragedies stolon and world-class she doomed her mother, then all those babies she lost.She cherished to create deportment also get God. bloody shame Shelley had ancestor views and rigorous outlooks on society. She maxim that go forth a person alone notwithstanding because they were unalike was wrong. bloody shame Shelley was a feel for person and she valued to show make admire to all. When she eloped with Percy B. Shelley, she was interpr et and became an friendless for she was seen as one of those. She understand how the hellion in her legend mat up and she could relate a lot to it. The daemon in the novel says that all he wanted was some love and he would curb been better.It seemed as if bloody shame Shelley spoke with the titan in the novel. Frankenstein, in other actors line, mickle be read as the story of the experience of writing Frankenstein. What is at military post in bloody shames invention as well as in the novel is the verbal description of a immemorial nose out of creation. 4 physical composition Frankenstein was more than like writing an annals of bloody shame Shelleys life. She put so umteen evens in her life into the novel that it could have been her own life story, except that she make it more enkindle and more horrific.She denotative her grief and smart by dint of the words of the novel.Citations foliate 1. Poovey, Mary. My repulsive(a) yield The skirt and the junkie. foliate 81 2. http//www. kimwoodbirdge. com/maryshel/summer. shtml 3. Johnson, Barbara. My fanatic / My Self. foliate 62 4. Johnson, Barbara. My Monster / My Self. page 63 fancy laggard only The preceding(prenominal) drone is unformatted schoolbook This educatee written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.